time went on, and the dauphin, the rightful prince of france, was more and more unfortunate. it is true that henry v., the king of england, died. he was a great soldier, and his son was only a baby, but the war was carried on by the brother of the late king, the duke of bedford; by the earl of salisbury; by the famous talbot; by sir john fastolf, and many other english generals. the scots won a great victory over the english at baugé bridge, where the duke of clarence, the brother of henry v., was killed. but the french and scots were beaten at verneuil, where most of the scots fell fighting bravely. however, a new army came from scotland, under stewart of dam-ley, and still the war went on.
by that time the dauphin only held france south of the great river loire. the strongest place which was true to the dauphin was the town of orleans. if the english could once take that city, and fill it with previsions, and guns, and other weapons, the french could not hope to win it back again, and the english would overrun the whole of the centre and south of france, and drive the dauphin out of his own country. he was very poor and very unhappy. he could scarcely pay his bootmaker, and as he was not a good fighting man, he lived here and there idly, at towns south of orleans, such as blois and poitiers. he used to wonder whether he had not better give up the war and go to spain or scotland. another thing made him miserable. he did not know for certain whether he had really the right to be king or not, as many people said that he was not truly the son of the last king of france.
in his distress he prayed, privately and in silence, that he might know whether or not he was the rightful prince, and ought to be crowned and anointed as king. but he told nobody about this, and lived as he best could, wandering from one town to another. then he heard that his great city of orleans was being besieged by the english, in the autumn of the year 1428. orleans lies on the right bank of the river loire, which here is deep, broad, and swift, with several islands in the middle of the current. the bridge was fortified, on the farther side, by two strong towers, called les tourelles, but the english took this fortification, and so the people of orleans could not cross the river by the bridge, and they broke down an arch, that the english might not cross to them.
one day the english general came to this fort, at the time when the soldiers of both sides dined, to look our of a narrow window, and watch what was going on in the besieged town. now it happened that a cannon lay, ready loaded, in a niche of the gate tower of orleans that looked straight along the bridge to the tourelles. the english general, the earl of salisbury, was peeping through the narrow window, thinking himself quite safe, as the french soldiers in orleans had gone to dinner. but a small french boy went into the gate-tower of orleans, and seeing a cannon ready loaded, he thought it would be amusing to set a light to the touch-hole. so he got a linstock, as it was called, lighted it, put it to the touch-hole, and fired off the cannon. the bullet went straight into the narrow window out of which the english general was peeping, and he fell back, mortally wounded.
this was a piece of good fortune for the french, but there were plenty of other english generals to take the place of salisbury. the english built strong fortresses here and there, outside the walls and gates of the town, to prevent help and food and wine and powder from being brought to the besieged french. but the people of orleans were brave, and were commanded by good officers, such as dunois, young xaintrailles. la hire, a rough, swearing knight, and others who became true friends of joan of arc, and food was brought in easily enough.
the english had won so many battles that they despised the french, and so they did not take pains, and besides, they had not men enough to surround orleans and prevent cattle being driven in from the country. the english seem to have had no more than four thousand soldiers. they were neither strong enough to take the town by storm, nor many enough to surround it and starve the french into showing the white flag, and giving up the place.
in fact, the english had been beating the french just because they believed they could beat them, and thought that one englishman was as good as three frenchmen at least. this was nonsense but, under henry v., at agincourt, a few english had beaten a great french army, because the french fought foolishly, trying to gallop to the charge over wet, heavy ploughed land, while the english arches shot them down in hundreds. but the french, you will see had learned the english way of fighting on foot, and could have held their own, if they had not lost confidence.
