it is the choice time of the year,

for the violets now appear;

now the rose receives its birth,

and pretty primrose decks the earth.

then to the may-pole come away,

for it is now a holiday.

actaeon and diana.

as i was lying in bed this morning, enjoying one of those half-dreams, half-reveries, which are so pleasant in the country, when the birds are singing about the window, and the sunbeams peeping through the curtains, i was roused by the sound of music. on going down-stairs, i found a number of villagers dressed in their holiday clothes, bearing a pole ornamented with garlands and ribands, and accompanied by the village band of music, under the direction of the tailor, the pale fellow who plays on the clarionet. they had all sprigs of hawthorn, or, as it is called, "the may," in their hats, and had brought green branches and flowers to decorate the hall door and windows. they had come to give notice that the may-pole was reared on the green, and to invite the household to witness the sports. the hall, according to custom, became a scene of hurry and delightful confusion. the servants were all agog with may and music; and there was no keeping either the tongues or the feet of the maids quiet, who were anticipating the sports of the green, and the evening dance.

i repaired to the village at an early hour to enjoy the merry-making. the morning was pure and sunny, such as a may morning is always described. the fields were white with daisies, the hawthorn was covered with its fragrant blossoms, the bee hummed about every bank, and the swallow played high in the air about the village steeple. it was one of those genial days when we seem to draw in pleasure with the very air we breathe, and to feel happy we know not why. whoever has felt the worth of worthy man, or has doted on lovely woman, will, on such a day, call them tenderly to mind, and feel his heart all alive with long-buried recollections. "for thenne," says the excellent romance of king arthur, "lovers call ageyne to their mynde old gentilnes and old servyse, and many kind dedes that were forgotten by neglygence."

before reaching the village, i saw the may-pole towering above the cottages, with its gay garlands and streamers, and heard the sound of music. i found that there had been booths set up near it, for the reception of company; and a bower of green branches and flowers for the queen of may, a fresh, rosy-cheeked girl of the village.

a band of morris-dancers were capering on the green in their fantastic dresses, jingling with hawks' bells, with a boy dressed up as maid marian, and the attendant fool rattling his box to collect contributions from the bystanders. the gipsy women, too, were already plying their mystery in by-corners of the village, reading the hands of the simple country girls, and no doubt promising them all good husbands and tribes of children.

the squire made his appearance in the course of the morning, attended by the parson, and was received with loud acclamations. he mingled among the country people throughout the day, giving and receiving pleasure wherever he went. the amusements of the day were under the management of slingsby, the schoolmaster, who is not merely lord of misrule in his school, but master of the revels to the village. he was bustling about with the perplexed and anxious air of a man who has the oppressive burthen of promoting other people's merriment upon his mind. he had involved himself in a dozen scrapes in consequence of a politic intrigue, which, by the by, master simon and the oxonian were at the bottom of, which had for object the election of the queen of may. he had met with violent opposition from a faction of ale-drinkers, who were in favour of a bouncing barmaid, the daughter of the innkeeper; but he had been too strongly backed not to carry his point, though it shows that these rural crowns, like all others, are objects of great ambition and heart-burning. i am told that master simon takes great interest, though in an underhand way, in the election of these may-day queens, and that the chaplet is generally secured for some rustic beauty that has found favour in his eyes. in the course of the day there were various games of strength and agility on the green, at which a knot of village veterans presided, as judges of the lists. among those i perceived that ready-money jack took the lead, looking with a learned and critical eye on the merits of the different candidates; and though he was very laconic, and sometimes merely expressed himself by a nod, yet it was evident that his opinions far outweighed those of the most loquacious.

may-day queen

young jack tibbets was the hero of the day, and carried off most of the prizes, though in some of the feats of agility he was rivalled by the "prodigal son," who appeared much in his element on this occasion; but his most formidable competitor was the notorious gipsy, the redoubtable "starlight tom." i was rejoiced at having an opportunity of seeing this "minion of the moon" in broad daylight. i found him a tall, swarthy, good-looking fellow, with a lofty air, something like what i have seen in an indian chieftain; and with a certain lounging, easy, and almost graceful carriage, which i have often remarked in beings of the lazzaroni order, that lead an idle, loitering life, and have a gentleman-like contempt of labour.

master simon and the old general reconnoitred the ground together, and indulged a vast deal of harmless raking among the buxom country girls. master simon would give some of them a kiss on meeting with them, and would ask after their sisters, for he is acquainted with most of the farmers' families. sometimes he would whisper, and affect to talk mischievously with them, and, if bantered on the subject, would turn it off with a laugh, though it was evident he liked to be suspected of being a gay lothario amongst them.

he had much to say to the farmers about their farms, and seemed to know all their horses by name. there was an old fellow, with a round, ruddy face, and a night-cap under his hat, the village wit, who took several occasions to crack a joke with him in the hearing of his companions, to whom he would turn and wink hard when master simon had passed.

the harmony of the day, however, had nearly at one time been interrupted by the appearance of the radical on the ground, with two or three of his disciples. he soon got engaged in argument in the very thick of the throng, above which i could hear his voice, and now and then see his meagre hand, half a mile out of the sleeve, elevated in the air in violent gesticulation, and flourishing a pamphlet by way of truncheon. he was decrying these idle nonsensical amusements in times of public distress, when it was every one's business to think of other matters, and to be miserable. the honest village logicians could make no stand against him, especially as he was seconded by his proselytes; when, to their great joy, master simon and the general came drifting down into the field of action. i saw that master simon was for making off, as soon as he found himself in the neighbourhood of this fireship; but the general was too loyal to suffer such talk in his hearing, and thought, no doubt, that a look and a word from a gentleman would be sufficient to shut up so shabby an orator. the latter, however, was no respecter of persons, but rather seemed to exult in having such important antagonists. he talked with greater volubility than ever, and soon drowned them with declamation on the subject of taxes, poor's rates, and the national debt. master simon endeavoured to brush along in his usual excursive manner, which had always answered amazingly well with the villagers; but the radical was one of those pestilent fellows that pin a man down to facts, and, indeed, he had two or three pamphlets in his pocket, to support everything he advanced by printed documents. the general, too, found himself betrayed into a more serious action than his dignity could brook, and looked like a mighty dutch indiaman grievously peppered by a petty privateer. it was in vain that he swelled and looked big, and talked large, and endeavoured to make up by pomp of manner for poverty of matter; every home-thrust of the radical made him wheeze like a bellows, and seemed to let a volume of wind out of him. in a word, the two worthies from the hall were completely dumbfounded, and this, too, in the presence of several of master simon's staunch admirers, who had always looked up to him as infallible. i do not know how he and the general would have managed to draw their forces decently from the field, had there not been a match at grinning through a horse-collar announced, whereupon the radical retired with great expression of contempt, and as soon as his back was turned, the argument was carried against him all hollow.

the general nonplussed

"did you ever hear such a pack of stuff, general?" said master simon; "there's no talking with one of these chaps when he once gets that confounded cobbett in his head."

"s'blood, sir!" said the general, wiping his forehead, "such fellows ought all to be transported!"

in the latter part of the day the ladies from the hall paid a visit to the green. the fair julia made her appearance, leaning on her lover's arm, and looking extremely pale and interesting. as she is a great favourite in the village, where she has been known from childhood, and as her late accident had been much talked about, the sight of her caused very manifest delight, and some of the old women of the village blessed her sweet face as she passed.

while they were walking about, i noticed the schoolmaster in earnest conversation with the young girl that represented the queen of may, evidently endeavouring to spirit her up to some formidable undertaking. at length, as the party from the hall approached her bower, she came forth, faltering at every step, until she reached the spot where the fair julia stood between her lover and lady lillycraft. the little queen then took the chaplet of flowers from her head, and attempted to put it on that of the bride elect; but the confusion of both was so great, that the wreath would have fallen to the ground had not the officer caught it, and, laughing, placed it upon the blushing brows of his mistress. there was something charming in the very embarrassment of these two young creatures, both so beautiful, yet so different in their kinds of beauty. master simon told me, afterwards, that the queen of may was to have spoken a few verses which the schoolmaster had written for her; but that she had neither wit to understand, nor memory to recollect them. "besides," added he, "between you and i, she murders the king's english abominably; so she has acted the part of a wise woman in holding her tongue, and trusting to her pretty face."

may queen and bride-elect

among the other characters from the hall was mrs. hannah, my lady lillycraft's gentlewoman: to my surprise she was escorted by old christy the huntsman, and followed by his ghost of a greyhound; but i find they are very old acquaintances, being drawn together from some sympathy of disposition. mrs. hannah moved about with starched dignity among the rustics, who drew back from her with more awe than they did from her mistress. her mouth seemed shut as with a clasp; excepting that i now and then heard the word "fellows!" escape from between her lips, as she got accidentally jostled in the crowd.

but there was one other heart present that did not enter into the merriment of the scene, which was that of the simple phoebe wilkins, the housekeeper's niece. the poor girl has continued to pine and whine for some time past, in consequence of the obstinate coldness of her lover; never was a little flirtation more severely punished. she appeared this day on the green, gallanted by a smart servant out of livery, and had evidently resolved to try the hazardous experiment of awakening the jealousy of her lover. she was dressed in her very best; affected an air of great gaiety: talked loud and girlishly, and laughed when there was nothing to laugh at. there was, however, an aching, heavy heart, in the poor baggage's bosom, in spite of all her levity. her eye turned every now and then in quest of her reckless lover, and her cheek grew pale, and her fictitious gaiety vanished, on seeing him paying his rustic homage to the little may-day queen.

my attention was now diverted by a fresh stir and bustle. music was heard from a distance; a banner was seen advancing up the road, preceded by a rustic band playing something like a march, and followed by a sturdy throng of country lads, the chivalry of a neighbouring and rival village.

may-day melée

no sooner had they reached the green than they challenged the heroes of the day to new trials of strength and activity. several gymnastic contests ensued for the honour of the respective villages. in the course of these exercises, young tibbets and the champion of the adverse party had an obstinate match at wrestling. they tugged, and strained, and panted, without either getting the mastery, until both came to the ground, and rolled upon the green. just then the disconsolate phoebe came by. she saw her recreant lover in fierce contest, as she thought, and in danger. in a moment pride, pique, and coquetry were forgotten; she rushed into the ring, seized upon the rival champion by the hair, and was on the point of wreaking on him her puny vengeance, when a buxom, strapping, country lass, the sweetheart of the prostrate swain, pounced upon her like a hawk, and would have stripped her of her fine plumage in a twinkling, had she also not been seized in her turn.

a complete tumult ensued. the chivalry of the two villages became embroiled. blows began to be dealt, and sticks to be flourished. phoebe was carried off from the field in hysterics. in vain did the sages of the village interfere. the sententious apothecary endeavoured to pour the soothing oil of his philosophy upon this tempestuous sea of passion, but was tumbled into the dust. slingsby, the pedagogue, who is a great lover of peace, went into the middle of the throng, as marshal of the day, to put an end to the commotion, but was rent in twain, and came out with his garment hanging in two strips from his shoulders; upon which the prodigal son dashed in with fury to revenge the insult which his patron had sustained. the tumult thickened; i caught glimpses of the jockey-cap of old christy, like the helmet of a chieftain, bobbing about in the midst of the scuffle; while mrs. hannah, separated from her doughty protector, was squalling and striking at right and left with a faded parasol; being tossed and tousled about by the crowd in such wise as never happened to maiden gentlewoman before.

at length i beheld old ready-money jack making his way into the very thickest of the throng; tearing it, as it were, apart, and enforcing peace vi et armis. it was surprising to see the sudden quiet that ensued. the storm settled down at once into tranquillity. the parties, having no real grounds of hostility, were readily pacified, and in fact were a little at a loss to know why and how they had got by the ears. slingsby was speedily stitched together again by his friend the tailor, and resumed his usual good humour. mrs. hannah drew on one side to plume her rumpled feathers; and old christy, having repaired his damages, took her under his arm, and they swept back again to the hall, ten times more bitter against mankind than ever.

rumpled feathers

the tibbets family alone seemed slow in recovering from the agitation of the scene. young jack was evidently very much moved by the heroism of the unlucky phoebe. his mother, who had been summoned to the field of action by news of the affray, was in a sad panic, and had need of all her management to keep him from following his mistress, and coming to a perfect reconciliation.

what heightened the alarm and perplexity of the good managing dame was, that the matter had roused the slow apprehension of old ready-money himself; who was very much struck by the intrepid interference of so pretty and delicate a girl, and was sadly puzzled to understand the meaning of the violent agitation in his family.

when all this came to the ears of the squire, he was grievously scandalised that his may-day fête should have been disgraced by such a brawl. he ordered phoebe to appear before him; but the girl was so frightened and distressed, that she came sobbing and trembling, and, at the first question he asked, fell again into hysterics. lady lillycraft, who had understood that there was an affair of the heart at the bottom of this distress, immediately took the girl into great favour and protection, and made her peace with the squire. this was the only thing that disturbed the harmony of the day, if we except the discomfiture of master simon and the general by the radical. upon the whole, therefore, the squire had very fair reason to be satisfied that he had rode his hobby throughout the day without any other molestation.

the reader, learned in these matters, will perceive that all this was but a faint shadow of the once gay and fanciful rites of may. the peasantry have lost the proper feeling for these rites, and have grown almost as strange to them as the boors of la mancha were to the customs of chivalry in the days of the valorous don quixote. indeed, i considered it a proof of the discretion with which the squire rides his hobby, that he had not pushed the thing any farther, nor attempted to revive many obsolete usages of the day, which, in the present matter-of-fact times, would appear affected and absurd. i must say, though i do it under the rose, the general brawl in which this festival had nearly terminated, has made me doubt whether these rural customs of the good old times were always so very loving and innocent as we are apt to fancy them; and whether the peasantry in those times were really so arcadian as they have been fondly represented. i begin to fear

——"those days were never; airy dreams

sat for the picture, and the poet's hand,

imparting substance to an empty shade,

imposed a gay delirium for a truth.

grant it; i still must envy them an age

that favoured such a dream."