in which terrible but true martyrdoms are described.
matters had now reached a crisis. although suffering from illness—partly brought on, or aggravated, by her unrestrained passions—the queen gave orders next day for the host to turn homeward. travelling more rapidly than she had yet done, she soon reached the capital.
there the arrival of the captives and the news of what had occurred prepared them for the worst. and the worst was not long of coming. the very day following the queen’s return, a great assembly, or kabàry, of the whole people was called. none were exempted from the meeting. high and low, rich and poor, sick and healthy, were driven to the great place of assembly near the palace—literally driven, for officers were sent as usual to break into the houses of the people, when necessary, and force them to attend. and there was no way of escape, for at the time of the summons being sent out every outlet from the city was guarded by soldiers, and the cannon along the heights thundered a salute by way of striking terror into the hearts of the rebellious. well did the poor people know what all this foreshadowed. one who was an eye-witness of the scene said, “there was a general howling and wailing, a rushing and running through the streets, as if the town had been attacked by a hostile army.” at last the great square of the city was crowded, as full as it could hold, with hundreds of thousands of people, who were overawed by the presence of a body of troops fifteen thousand strong as they awaited the announcement of the queen’s pleasure.
mark breezy was there, along with his comrades, on an elevated spot near to the place where the queen’s messenger was to make the proclamation.
“we are utterly helpless here,” said mark in a low voice, as he gazed in pity on the groaning and swaying multitude. “the queen’s countenance is changed to me. i feel sure that either we have been betrayed in the matter of rafaravavy, or we are suspected. indeed, if it were not that she is ill, and needs my aid, she would certainly banish us all from her dominions.”
“i wish i was well out of ’em,” growled hockins. “the country is well enough, no doubt, but a woman like that makes it a hell-upon-earth!”
“has you hear, massa, whar dey hab put ravonino an’ our oder friends?” asked ebony.
“no, i did not dare to ask. and even if we knew we could do nothing!”
the youth spoke bitterly, for he had become so much attached to their former guide, and the natives with whom they had sojourned and travelled, that he would have fought for them to the death if that could have availed them. strong and active young men are apt to become bitter when they find that superabundant energy and physical force are in some circumstances utterly useless. to be compelled to stand by inactive and see injustice done—cruelty and death dealt out, while the blood boils, the nerves quiver, and the violated feelings revolt, is a sore trial to manhood! and such was the position of our three adventurers at that time.
presently the highest civil and military officers came forth, one of whom, in a loud sonorous voice, delivered the message of his terrible mistress.
after a number of complimentary and adulatory phrases to the queen herself, and many ceremonial bowings towards the palace, as if she actually heard him, the messenger spoke as follows—
“i announce to you, o people, that i am not a sovereign that deceives. i find that, in spite of my commands, many of my people revile the idols and treat divination as a trifle, and worship the christians’ god, and pray, and baptize, and sing—which things i abhor. they are unlawful. i detest them, and they are not to be done, saith ranavàlo-manjàka. i will not suffer it. those who dare to disobey my commands shall die. now, i order that all who are guilty shall come in classes according to their offences, and accuse themselves of being baptized, of being members of the church, of having taught slaves to read, and that all books shall be given up.”
as on a previous occasion, many came forward at once and accused themselves, or gave up their bibles and testaments; but, as before, others concealed their treasures and held their tongue, although it was evident that on this occasion the queen uttered no vain threat, but was terribly in earnest.
the proclamation ended, the people dispersed, and mark and his friends were returning to their quarters when they were arrested by a party of soldiers. as usual, their first impulse was to resist violently, but wisdom was given them in time, and they went quietly along. of course mark protested vehemently both in english and in broken malagasy, but no attention whatever was paid to his words. they were led to a prison which they had not before seen. as they approached the door the sound of singing was heard. another moment and they were thrust into the room whence the sounds issued, and the door was locked upon them.
at first they could only see dimly, the place was so dark; but in a few seconds, their eyes becoming accustomed to the gloom, they could see that a number of other prisoners—both men and women—were seated round the walls singing a hymn. when the hymn ceased an exclamation from a familiar voice made them turn round, and there they saw their friend ravonino seated on the floor with his back against the wall and chained to laihova and to the floor. beside him were several well-remembered natives, and on the opposite side of the room, also chained, were the women of the party, among whom were ramatoa, ra-ruth, rafaravavy, her maid sarah, and the poor mother of mamba.
“ravonino!” exclaimed mark, in tones of profound sorrow, as he sat down beside his old guide, “i little thought to find you in such a strait.”
“even so, sir,” returned the man in a gentle voice, “for so it seems good in his eyes! but still less did i expect to find you in prison—for the way they thrust you in shows me that you are no mere visitor. i fear me, the cruel woman has found out how kind you were in helping me.”
“but surely dar some hope for you! dey nebber kill you all!” said the negro, waving his hand round as if to indicate the whole party.
“no hope, no hope,” returned ravonino, sadly, “not even for you, ebony, because you are only a black man. but they won’t kill you, sir, or hockins. they know better than to risk the consequences of putting a british subject to death. for the rest of us—our doom is sealed.”
“if the lord wills it so,” remarked laihova, quietly.
“how do you know that the lord wills it so?” demanded a voice fiercely, and a man who had hitherto sat still with his face buried in his hands looked up. it was the stout chief voalavo, all whose fun of disposition seemed to have been turned to fury. “you all speak as if you were already dead men! are we not alive? have we not stout hearts and strong limbs? while life remains there is hope!”
he leaped up as he spoke and began to wrench at his chain like a maddened tiger, until blood spurted from his wrists and the swollen veins stood out like cords from his neck and forehead. but iron proved tougher than flesh. he sank down, exhausted, with a deep groan—yet even in his agony of rage the strong man murmured as he fell, “lord forgive me!”
while the men conversed, and ebony sought to soothe voalavo, with whom he had strong sympathy most of the poor women opposite were seated in a state of quiet resignation. some there were, however, who could not bring their minds to contemplate with calmness the horrible fate that they knew too well awaited them, while others seemed to forget themselves in their desire to comfort their companions. among the timid ones was pretty little ra-ruth. perhaps her vivid imagination enabled her to realise more powerfully the terrors of martyrdom. it may be that her delicately-strung nerves shrank more sensitively from the prospect, but in spite of her utmost efforts to be brave she trembled violently and was pale as death. yet she did not murmur, she only laid her head on the sympathetic bosom of her queen-like friend ramatoa, who seemed to her a miracle of strength and resignation.
in a short time the door of the prison opened, and a party of armed men entered with silver spear, or hater of lies, at their head. an involuntary shudder ran through the group of captives as the man advanced and looked round.
“which is razafil?” demanded hater of lies.
the poet rose promptly. “here i am,” he said, looking boldly at the officer. then, glancing upwards, and in a voice of extreme tenderness, he said, “now, my sweet raniva, i will soon join you!”
“ramatoa—which is she?” said the officer, as his men removed the fetters from the poet and fastened his wrists with a cord.
ramatoa at once rose up. “i am ready,” she said, calmly. “now, ra-ruth, the master calls me. fear not what man can do unto thee.”
“oh! no, no! do not go yet,” exclaimed ra-ruth in an agony of grief, as she clung to her friend. “the good lord cannot mean this—oh! take me! take me! and let her stay!”
the sentence ended in a low wail, for at the moment two soldiers forced the girls asunder, and ra-ruth sank upon the floor, while ramatoa was led away.
poor laihova had watched every movement of ra-ruth. it was, no doubt, the fiercest part of the fiery trial he had to undergo; and when the soldier grasped her arms to tear her from her friend he could restrain himself no longer. he sprang up and made a wild leap towards her, but the chain arrested him effectually, and three bayonets were quickly pointed at his breast. his head fell forward, and he sank down like one who had been shot.
meanwhile hater of lies selected ra-ruth and twelve others from the group of prisoners, but only the three whom we have mentioned are known to the reader. they were led into an outer room, where they were further pinioned. some of them had their feet and hands tied together, so that, by thrusting a pole between the legs and arms of each, they could be suspended and carried by two men. others were allowed to walk to the place of execution. the rage of ranavalona, however, was so great on finding that the christians would not submit to her that she had given orders to the soldiers to torture the martyrs with their spears as they marched along the road. this was done to all except ramatoa and ra-ruth, as the blood-stained road bore witness. the comfort of being together was not allowed to the two ladies. they were placed in different parts of the procession.
mats were thrust into the mouths of the suspended victims to prevent them from speaking, but some of them managed to free their mouths and prayed aloud, while others sang hymns or addressed the crowd. thus they passed along the road that led to the place of hurling down.
this was a tremendous precipice of granite, 150 feet high. thither the multitude streamed—some influenced by hatred of the christians, some by deep sympathy with them, but the majority, doubtless, prompted by mere excitement and curiosity. and there they crowded as near as they dared venture to the edge of the precipice and gazed into the awful gulf.
slowly the procession moved, as if to prolong the agony of the martyrs. suddenly a young man pushed through the crowd, advanced to the side of ramatoa, and grasped one of her hands, exclaiming in a loud voice, “dearest! i will go with you and stay by you to the end.”
for a moment the calm serenity that had settled on the girl’s fine countenance was disturbed.
“mamba!” she said, “this is not wise. you cannot save me. it is god’s will that i should now glorify the dear name of jesus by laying down my life. but you are not yet condemned, and your mother needs your help.”
“full well do i know that,” returned the youth, fervently. “were it not for my dear mother’s love and claim on me, i would now have gone with you to heaven. as it is, i will stay by you, dear one, to the end.”
“thank you, dear friend,” returned the girl, earnestly. “i think it will not be long till we meet where there are no more sufferings or tears.”
soon the procession reached the brow of the terrible cliff. here the martyrs were ranged in such a way that, while they were cast over one by one, the rest could see their companions fall.
the first to perish was the poet razafil. after the queen’s messenger had pronounced the sentence of each, the poor man was seized and thrown violently on the ground. a rope was then fastened round his waist, and he was asked if he would cease to pray in the name of jesus.
“cease to pray to jesus!” he exclaimed, while the fire of enthusiasm gleamed in his eyes—“to jesus who saved my raniva, and who holds out his blessed hands to me—even me—to take me to himself? never!”
razafil was instantly slung over the precipice, and held suspended there in the hope that the awful nature of his impending fate might cause his courage to fail, while the executioner knelt, knife in hand, ready to cut the rope.
“once more, and for the last time,” said the officer in command, “will you cease to pray?”
the answer was an emphatic “no!”
next moment razafil went shooting down headlong into the abyss. there was a projecting ledge of rock about fifty feet down the precipice. on this the body of the martyr struck, and, bounding off into space, reached the bottom with incredible violence, a shattered and mangled heap.
with trembling hearts and straining gaze the other victims watched the descent. it seemed to be more than human nature could endure to voluntarily face such a fate when a word would deliver them. so thought many of the spectators, and they were right; mere human nature could not have endured it, but these christians were strengthened in a way that the ungodly will neither believe nor understand. one by one they were led to the edge of the cliff, suspended over the edge, and had the testing-question put to them, and, one by one, the answer was a decisive “no!”
but where was the tyrant queen while this scene of butchery was being enacted? in her chamber in the palace—comparatively, yet not altogether, regardless of the matter.
her son rakota stood beside her. our friend the secretary stood at the door.
“mother,” said the prince, quietly, “they are being hurled down now—and little ra-ruth is among them.”
the queen looked up, startled. “no, no!” she said, hesitatingly. “ra-ruth must not—but—but—i must not seem to my people to be weak—yet i would save her.”
rakota gave a gentle nod to the secretary, who instantly vanished. he reached the place of execution only just in time. the rope was already round the girl’s slender waist, and the testing-question had been put—but her timidity had flown, and was replaced by a calm, almost angelic, expression, as she gazed up to heaven, clasped her hands, and, with a flush of enthusiasm, exclaimed—
“no—jesus—no, i will never cease to worship thee!”
a murmur of mingled surprise and pity broke from the crowd. at that moment the secretary came forward.
“the queen,” he said, “has sent me to ask you, ra-ruth, whether you will not worship our gods and save your life.”
“no,” answered the girl, firmly. “i have been weak—a coward—but now god has sent me strength by his own holy spirit, and my fixed determination is to go this day with my dear brothers and sisters to heaven.”
“you are a fool! you are mad!” exclaimed an officer standing by, as he struck her on the head.
“yes, she is mad,” said the secretary to the officer in command. “send a messenger to tell the queen that ra-ruth has lost her reason. meanwhile, let her be taken away and guarded well till the queen’s pleasure regarding her is known.”
but although this poor girl was thus snatched from death at the last moment, no mercy was extended to the others. all were thrown over the cliff and dashed to pieces at that time except ramatoa. when the question was put to her, last of all, she, as might have been expected, was not less firm in her reply than her companions; but, instead of being thrown over, she was informed that as it was not allowable to shed the blood of one of noble birth she was to be burnt alive!
at this dreadful announcement she turned paler than before, but did not flinch. at the same moment poor mamba lost control of himself. he sprang to her side, put an arm round her waist, and shouted—
“this shall not be! i, too, am a praying man. ye shall not touch her!”
he glared fiercely round, and, for a moment, the soldiers did not dare to approach him, although he was totally unarmed. but they sprang on him from behind, and he was quickly overpowered by numbers. at the command of their officer, they tore him from ramatoa, carried him to the cliff, and hurled him over. his head struck the ledge, and his brains were dashed out there. next moment he lay dead among the rocks at the bottom.
this awful sight ramatoa was spared, for, at the same instant, they had dragged her away to the spot where a pile of wood had been prepared for herself. four stakes were fixed in the midst of the pile, as three other christian nobles were to be burnt along with her, one of whom was a lady. while ramatoa watched the preparations for her death, her fellow-sufferers arrived—singing, as they walked, a hymn which begins with, “when our hearts are troubled,” and ends with, “then remember us.” ramatoa raised her voice and joined them. there was no wavering or shrinking from the fiery ordeal. when all was ready the martyrs quietly suffered themselves to be bound to the stakes, and, strange to say, when the flames roared around them, the song of praise still went on, and the voices of praise and prayer did not cease until they had culminated in glad shouts of praise and victory before the throne of god!
we write facts just now, reader, not fiction! men talk of the cruelty of devils! assuredly there is not a devil in or out of hell who can sink to lower depths of cruelty than fallen man will sink to when left to the unrestrained influence of that hateful thing—sin—from which jesus christ came to deliver us, blessed be his name!
it is said that while these four martyrs were being fastened to the stakes, an immense triple-arched rainbow stretched across the heavens, one end of which appeared to rest upon them, and that rain fell in torrents. this so terrified many of the spectators, that they fled in consternation from the scene.
but the cup of iniquity was not yet filled up. while the martyrs were still in the fire, and praying, “o lord, receive our spirits, and lay not this sin to their charge,” a shouting yelling band arrived, dragging after them the corpses of the men and women who had perished at the place of hurling down. these were tossed upon the pile to serve as fuel to the fire. the poor unrecognisable remains of mamba were among them; and thus, even in their death, he and ramatoa were not divided!
at this time of terrible suffering and trial—as in the previous persecutions during the reign of this tyrant queen—hundreds of christians willingly submitted to the loss of position, wealth, and liberty for the sake of jesus, besides those who witnessed a good confession, and sealed their testimony with their blood. thirty-seven native preachers, with their wives and families, were consigned to a life of slavery. more than a hundred men and women were flogged and sentenced to work in chains during their lives. some were heavily fined, and many among the “great and noble” were stripped of honours and titles, reduced to the ranks, and forced to labour at the hardest and most menial occupation.
among these last was prince ramonja, who had been the means of sheltering, secreting, and saving many christians. fortunately prince rakota retained his influence over his mother, and his power to do good—a circumstance for which our three adventurers had ultimately reason to thank god, though, for a considerable time after that, they remained in prison, in company with their friends ravonino, voalavo, laihova, and others.
these last were not delivered from their chains, but lived in hourly expectation of being led out to execution. after ra-ruth’s removal, laihova was at first overwhelmed with despair, but when a friendly jailor informed him of her having been spared under the supposition that she was insane, hope revived a little, though he could not help seeing that the prospect ahead was still very black.
another prisoner who was inconsolable was poor reni-mamba. from the time that she was told of her son’s fate she seemed to sink into a state of quiet imbecility, from which no efforts of her friends could rouse her. she did not murmur or complain. she simply sat silent and callous to everything around her. she, rafaravavy, sarah, and the other females, were removed to another prison, and for a long time their male friends could learn nothing as to their fate.
“it is this prolonged uncertainty that’s so hard to bear,” remarked ravonino to mark one day, lifting his hands high above his head, and letting them fall, with the clanking chains, into his lap.
“true, true,” replied the youth, shortly—for confinement was beginning to tell unfavourably on himself.
“das w’ere it is,” remarked ebony, endeavouring to brighten up a little, but with only moderate success, “it’s sottin still an’ doin’ nuffin dat kills. what you tink, ’ockins?”
“ay, ay,” assented the seaman; and as for a long time nothing more than “ay, ay,” had been got out of hockins, ebony relapsed into silence.
things had reached this lugubrious pass when an event occurred which materially affected the condition of the prisoners, and considerably altered the history of madagascar.
