the life-saving rocket.
we shall now turn from the lifeboat to our other great engine of war with which we do battle with the sea from year to year, namely, the rocket apparatus.
this engine, however, is in the hands of government, and is managed by the coastguard. and it may be remarked here, in reference to coastguard men, that they render constant and effective aid in the saving of shipwrecked crews. at least one-third of the medals awarded by the lifeboat institution go to the men of the coastguard.
every one has heard of captain manby’s mortar. its object is to effect communication between a stranded ship and the shore by means of a rope attached to a shot, which is fired over the former. the same end is now more easily attained by a rocket with a light rope, or line, attached to it.
now the rocket apparatus is a little complicated, and ignorance in regard to the manner of using it has been the cause of some loss of life. many people think that if a rope can only be conveyed from a stranded ship to the shore, the saving of the crew is comparatively a sure and easy matter. this is a mistake. if a rope—a stout cable—were fixed between a wreck and the shore, say at a distance of three or four hundred yards, it is obvious that only a few of the strongest men could clamber along it. even these, if benumbed and exhausted—as is frequently the case in shipwreck—could not accomplish the feat. but let us suppose, still further, that the vessel rolls from side to side, dipping the rope in the sea and jerking it out again at each roll, what man could make the attempt with much hope of success, and what, in such circumstances, would become of women and children?
more than one rope must be fixed between ship and shore, if the work of saving life is to be done efficiently. accordingly, in the rocket apparatus there are four distinct portions of tackle. first the rocket-line; second, the whip; third, the hawser; and, fourth, the lifebuoy—sometimes called the sling-lifebuoy, and sometimes the breeches-buoy.
the rocket-line is that which is first thrown over the wreck by the rocket. it is small and light, and of considerable length—the extreme distance to which a rocket may carry it in the teeth of a gale being between three and four hundred yards.
the whip is a thicker line, rove through a block or pulley, and having its two ends spliced together without a knot, in such a manner that the join does not check the running of the rope through the pulley. thus the whip becomes a double line—a sort of continuous rope, or, as it is called, an “endless fall,” by means of which the lifebuoy is passed to and fro between the wreck and shore.
the hawser is a thick rope, or cable, to which the lifebuoy is suspended when in action.
the lifebuoy is one of those circular lifebuoys—with which most of us are familiar—which hang at the sides of steamers and other vessels, to be ready in case of any one falling overboard. it has, however, the addition of a pair of huge canvas breeches attached to it, to prevent those who are being rescued from slipping through.
let us suppose, now, that a wreck is on the shore at a part where the coast is rugged and steep, the beach very narrow, and the water so deep that it has been driven on the rocks not more than a couple of hundred yards from the cliffs. the beach is so rocky that no lifeboat would dare to approach, or, if she did venture, she would be speedily dashed to pieces—for a lifeboat is not absolutely invulnerable! the coastguardsmen are on the alert. they had followed the vessel with anxious looks for hours that day as she struggled right gallantly to weather the headland and make the harbour. when they saw her miss stays on the last tack and drift shoreward, they knew her doom was fixed; hurried off for the rocket-cart; ran it down to the narrow strip of pebbly beach below the cliffs, and now they are fixing up the shore part of the apparatus. the chief part of this consists of the rocket-stand and the box in which the line is coiled, in a peculiar and scarcely describable manner, that permits of its flying out with great freedom.
while thus engaged they hear the crashing of the vessel’s timbers as the great waves hurl or grind her against the hungry rocks. they also hear the cries of agonised men and women rising even above the howling storm, and hasten their operations.
at last all is ready. the rocket, a large one made of iron, is placed in its stand, a stick and the line are attached to it, a careful aim is taken, and fire applied. amid a blaze and burst of smoke the rocket leaps from its position, and rushes out to sea with a furious persistency that even the storm-fiend himself is powerless to arrest. but he can baffle it to some extent—sufficient allowance has not been made for the force and direction of the wind. the rocket flies, indeed, beyond the wreck, but drops into the sea, a little to the left of her.
“another—look alive!” is the sharp order. again the fiery messenger of mercy leaps forth, and this time with success. the line drops over the wreck and catches in the rigging. and at this point comes into play, sometimes, that ignorance to which i have referred—culpable ignorance, for surely every captain who sails upon the sea ought to have intimate acquaintance with the details of the life-saving apparatus of every nation. yet, so it is, that some crews, after receiving the rocket-line, have not known what to do with it, and have even perished with the means of deliverance in their grasp. in one case several men of a crew tied themselves together with the end of the line and leaped into the sea! they were indeed hauled ashore, but i believe that most, if not all, of them were drowned.
those whom we are now rescuing, however, are gifted, let us suppose, with a small share of common sense. having got hold of the line, one of the crew, separated from the rest, signals the fact to the shore by waving a hat, handkerchief, or flag, if it be day. at night a light is shown over the ship’s side for a short time, and then concealed. this being done, those on shore make the end of the line fast to the whip with its “tailed-block” and signal to haul off the line. when the whip is got on board, a tally, or piece of wood, is seen with white letters on a black ground painted on it. on one side the words are english—on the other french. one of the crew reads eagerly:—
“make the tail of the block fast to the lower mast well up. if masts are gone, then to the best place you can find. cast off the rocket-line; see that the rope in the block runs free, and show signal to the shore.”
most important cautions these, for if the tail-block be fastened too low on the wreck, the ropes will dip in the water, and perhaps foul the rocks. if the whip does not run free in the block it will jamb and the work will be stopped; and, if the signals are not attended to, the coastguardsmen may begin to act too soon, or, on the other hand, waste precious time.
but the signals are rightly given; the other points attended to, and the remainder of the work is done chiefly from the shore. the men there, attach the hawser to the whip, and by hauling one side thereof in, they run the other side and the hawser out. on receiving the hawser the crew discover another tally attached to it, and read:—
“make this hawser fast about two feet above the tail-block. see all clear, and that the rope in the block runs free, and show signal to the shore.”
the wrecked crew are quick as well as intelligent. life depends on it! they fasten the end of the hawser, as directed, about two feet above the place where the tail-block is fixed to the stump of the mast. there is much shouting and gratuitous advice, no doubt, from the forward and the excited, but the captain and mate are cool. they attend to duty and pay no regard to any one.
signal is again made to the shore, and the men of the coastguard at once set up a triangle with a pendent block, through which the shore-end of the hawser is rove, and attached to a double-block tackle. previously, however, a block called a “traveller” has been run on to the hawser. this block travels on and above the hawser, and from it is suspended the lifebuoy. to the “traveller” block the whip is attached; then the order is given to the men to haul, and away goes the lifebuoy to the wreck, run out by the men on shore.
when it arrives at the wreck the order is, “women first.” but the women are too terrified, it may be, to venture. can you wonder? if you saw the boiling surf the heaving water, the roaring and rushing waves, with black and jagged rocks showing here and there, over which, and partly through which, they are to be dragged, you would respect their fears. they shrink back: they even resist. so the captain orders a ’prentice boy to jump in and set them the example. he is a fine, handsome boy, with curly brown hair and bright black eyes. he, too, hesitates for a moment, but from a far different motive. if left to himself he would emulate the captain in being that proverbial “last man to quit the wreck,” but a peremptory order is given, and, with a blush, he jumps into the bag, or breeches, of the buoy, through which his legs project in a somewhat ridiculous manner. a signal is then made to the shore. the coastguardsmen haul on the whip, and off goes our ’prentice boy like a seagull. his flight is pretty rapid, considering all things. when about half-way to land he is seen dimly in the mist of spray that bursts wildly around and over him. those on the wreck strain their eyes and watch with palpitating hearts. the ship has been rolling a little. just then it gives a heavy lurch shoreward, the rope slackens, and down goes our ’prentice boy into the raging sea, which seems to roar louder as if in triumph! it is but for a moment, however. the double-block tackle, already mentioned as being attached to the shore-end of the hawser, is manned by strong active fellows, whose duty it is to ease off the rope when the wreck rolls seaward, and haul it in when she rolls shoreward, thus keeping it always pretty taut without the risk of snapping it.
a moment more and the ’prentice is seen to emerge from the surf like a true son of neptune; he is seen also, like a true son of britain, to wave one hand above his head, and faintly, through driving surf and howling gale, comes a cheer. it is still more faintly replied to by those on the wreck, for in his progress the boy is hidden for a few seconds by the leaping spray; but in a few seconds more he is seen struggling among the breakers on the beach. several strong men are seen to join hands and advance to meet him. another moment, and he is safe on shore, and a fervent “thank god!” bursts from the wrecked crew, who seem to forget themselves for a moment as they observe the waving handkerchiefs and hats which tell that a hearty cheer has greeted the rescued sailor boy.
there is little tendency now to hesitation on the part of the women, and what remains is put to flight by certain ominous groans and creakings, that tell of the approaching dissolution of the ship.
one after another they are lifted tenderly into the lifebuoy, and drawn to land in safety, amid the congratulations and thanksgivings of many of those who have assembled to witness their deliverance. it is truly terrible work, this dragging of tender women through surf and thundering waves; but it is a matter of life or death, and even the most delicate of human beings become regardless of small matters in such circumstances.
but the crew have yet to be saved, and there are still two women on board—one of them with a baby! the mother—a thin, delicate woman—positively refuses to go without her babe. the captain knows full well that, if he lets her take it, the child will be torn from her grasp to a certainty; he therefore adopts a seemingly harsh, but really merciful, course. he assists her into the buoy, takes a quick turn of a rope round her to keep her in, snatches the child from her arms, and gives the signal to haul away. with a terrible cry the mother holds out her arms as she is dragged from the bulwarks, then struggles to leap out, but in vain. another wild shriek, with the arms tossed upwards, and she falls back as if in a fit.
“poor thing!” mutters the captain, as he gazes pitifully at the retreating figure; “but you’ll soon be happy again. come, dick, get ready to go wi’ the child next trip.”
dick shales is a huge hairy seaman, with the frame of an elephant, the skin of a walrus, and the tender heart of a woman! he glances uneasily round.
“there’s another lady yet, sir.”
“you obey orders,” says the captain, sternly.
“i never disobeyed orders yet, sir, and i won’t do it now,” says dick, taking the baby into his strong arms and buttoning it up tenderly in his capacious bosom.
as he speaks, the lifebuoy arrives again with a jovial sort of swing, as if it had been actually warmed into life by its glorious work, and had come out of its own accord.
“now, then, lads; hold on steady!” says dick, getting in, “for fear you hurt the babby. this is the first time that dick shales has appeared on any stage wotsomediver in the character of a woman!”
dick smiles in a deprecating manner at his little joke as they haul him off the wreck. but dick is wrong, and his mates feel this as they cheer him, for many a time before that had he appeared in woman’s character when woman’s work had to be done.
the captain was right when he muttered that the mother would be “soon happy again.” when dick placed the baby—wet, indeed, but well—in its mother’s arms, she knew a kind of joy to which she had been a stranger before—akin to that joy which must have swelled the grateful heart of the widow of nain when she received her son back from the dead.
the rest of the work is soon completed. after the last woman is drawn ashore the crew are quickly rescued—the captain, of course, like every true captain, last of all. thus the battle is waged and won, and nothing is left but a shattered wreck for wind and waves to do their worst upon.
the rescued ones are hurried off to the nearest inn, where sympathetic christian hearts and hands minister to their necessities. these are directed by the local agent for that admirable institution, the shipwrecked fishermen’s and mariners’ society—a society which cannot be too highly commended, and which, it is well to add, is supported by voluntary subscriptions.
meanwhile the gallant men of the coastguard, rejoicing in the feeling that they have done their duty so well and so successfully, though wet and weary from long exposure and exertion, pack the rocket apparatus into its cart, run it back to its place of shelter, to be there made ready for the next call to action, and then saunter home, perchance to tell their wives and little ones the story of the wreck and rescue, before lying down to take much-needed and well-earned repose.
let me say in conclusion that hundreds of lives are saved in this manner every year. it is well that the reader should bear in remembrance what i stated at the outset, that the great war is unceasing. year by year it is waged. there is no prolonged period of rest. there is no time when we should forget this great work; but there are times when we should call it specially to remembrance, and bear it upon our hearts before him whom the wind and sea obey.
when the wild storms of winter and spring are howling; when the frost is keen and the gales are laden with snowdrift; when the nights are dark and long, and the days are short and grey—then it is that our prayers should ascend and our hands be opened, for then it is that hundreds of human beings are in deadly peril on our shores, and then it is that our gallant lifeboat and rocket-men are risking life and limb while fighting their furious battles with the sea.
