alexander at the tomb of sardanapalus.—proceedings in cilicia.

after this he sent parmenio to the other gates which separate the land of the cilicians from that of the assyrians, in order to capture them before the enemy could do so, and to guard the pass.222 he gave him the allied infantry, the grecian mercenaries, the thracians who were under the command of sitalces, and the thessalian cavalry. he afterwards marched from tarsus, and on the first day arrived at the city of anchialus.223 according to report, this city was founded by sardanapalus the assyrian;224 and both from the circumference and from the foundations of the walls it is evident that a large city had been founded and that it had reached a great pitch of power. also near the wall of anchialus was the monument of sardanapalus, upon the top of which stood the statue of that king with the hands joined to each other just as they are joined for clapping.225 an inscription had been placed upon it in assyrian characters,226 which the assyrians asserted to be in metre. the meaning which the words expressed was this:—“sardanapalus, son of anacyndaraxas, built anchialus and tarsus in one day; but do thou, o stranger, eat, drink, and 88play, since all other human things are not worth this!” referring, as in a riddle, to the empty sound which the hands make in clapping. it was also said that the word translated play had been expressed by a more lewd one in the assyrian language.

from anchialus alexander went to soli,227 into which city he introduced a garrison, and imposed upon the inhabitants a fine of 200 talents of silver,228 because they were more inclined to favour the persians than himself. then, having taken three regiments of macedonian infantry, all the archers, and the agrianians, he marched away thence against the cilicians, who were holding the mountains; and in seven days in all, having expelled some by force, and having brought the rest over by composition, he marched back to soli. here he ascertained that ptolemy and asander229 had gained the mastery over orontobates the persian who was guarding the citadel of halicarnassus, and was also holding myndus, caunus, thera, and callipolis.230 cos and triopium231 also had been brought into subjection. they wrote to inform him that orontobates had been worsted in a great battle; that about 700 of his infantry and 50 of his cavalry had been killed, and not less than 1,000 taken prisoners. in soli alexander offered sacrifice to asclepius,232 conducting 89a procession of the entire army, celebrating a torch race, and superintending a gymnastic and musical contest. he granted the solians the privilege of a democratical constitution; and then marched away to tarsus, despatching the cavalry under philotas to march through the aleian plain to the river pyramus.233 but he himself with the infantry and the royal squadron of cavalry came to magarsus, where he offered sacrifice to the magarsian athena. thence he marched to mallus, where he rendered to amphilochus the sacrificial honours due to a hero.234 he also arrested those who were creating a sedition among the citizens, and thus put a stop to it. he remitted the tribute which they were paying to king darius, because the malliotes were a colony of the argives, and he himself claimed to have sprung from argos, being a descendant of heracles.