march into syria.—alexander’s kindness to harpalus and his other early adherents.

as soon as spring began to appear, he went from memphis to phoenicia, bridging the stream of the nile near memphis, as well as the canals issuing from it. when he arrived at tyre, he found his fleet already there.375 in this city he again offered sacrifice to heracles, and celebrated both a gymnastic and musical contest. while there, the state vessel called the paralus came to him from athens, bringing diophantus and achilleus as envoys to him; and all the crew of the paralus were joined with them in the embassy.376 these men obtained all the requests which they were despatched to make, and the king gave up to the athenians all their fellow-citizens who had been captured at the granicus.377 being informed that revolutionary plans had been carried out in the peloponnese, he sent amphoterus thither to assist those of the peloponnesians who were firm in their support of his war against persia, and were not under the control of the lacedaemonians. he also commanded the phoenicians and cyprians to despatch to the peloponnese 100 other ships in addition to those which he was sending with amphoterus. he now started up into the interior 151towards thapsacus and the river euphrates, after placing coeranus, a beroean378 over the levy of tribute in phoenicia, and philoxenus to collect it in asia as far as the taurus. in the place of these men he entrusted the custody of the money which he had with him to harpalus, son of machatas, who had just returned from exile. for this man at first had been banished, while philip was still king, because he was an adherent of alexander; as also was ptolemy, son of lagus, for the same reason; likewise nearchus, son of androtimus, erigyius, son of larichus, and his brother laomedon. for alexander fell under philip’s suspicion when the latter married eurydice379 and treated alexander’s mother olympias with dishonour. but after philip’s death those who had been banished on alexander’s account returned from exile and were received into favour. he made ptolemy one of his confidential body-guards; he placed harpalus over the money, because his bodily strength was unequal to the fatigues of war. erigyius was made commander of the allied grecian cavalry; and his brother laomedon, because he could speak both the greek and persian languages and could read persian writings, was put in charge of the foreign prisoners. nearchus also was appointed viceroy of lycia and of the land adjacent to it as far as mount taurus. but shortly before the battle which was fought at issus, harpalus fell under the influence of tauriscus, an evil man, and fled in his company. the 152latter started off to alexander the epirote380 in italy, where he soon after died. but harpalus found a refuge in megaris, whence however alexander persuaded him to return, giving him a pledge that he should be none the worse on account of his desertion. when he came back, he not only received no punishment, but was even reinstated in the office of treasurer. menander, one of the companions, was sent away into lydia as viceroy; and clearchus was put in command of the grecian auxiliaries who had been under menander. asclepiodorus, son of eunicus, was also appointed viceroy of syria instead of arimmas, because the latter seemed to have been remiss in collecting the supplies which he had been ordered to collect for the army which the king was about to lead into the interior.