storming of cyropolis.—revolt of the scythians.

having thus captured the five cities and reduced them to slavery in two days,516 he went to cyropolis, the largest city in the country. it was fortified with a wall higher than those of the others, as it had been founded by cyrus. the majority of the barbarians of this district, and at the same time the most warlike of them, had fled for refuge thither, and consequently it was not possible for the macedonians to capture it so easily at the first assault. wherefore alexander brought his military engines up to the wall with the determination of battering it down in this way, and of making assaults wherever breaches might be made in it. when be observed that the channel of the river, which flows through the city when it is swollen by the winter rains, was at that time nearly dry and did not reach up to the wall, and would thus afford his soldiers a passage by which to penetrate into the city, he took the body-guards, the shield-bearing guards, the archers, and agrianians, and made his way secretly into 209the city along the channel, at first with a few men, while the barbarians had turned their attention towards the military engines and those who were assailing them in that quarter. having from within broken open the gates which were opposite this position, he gave an easy admittance to the rest of his soldiers. then the barbarians, though they perceived that their city was already in the hands of the enemy, nevertheless turned against alexander and his men and made a desperate assault upon them, in which alexander himself received a violent blow on the head and neck with a stone, and craterus was wounded with an arrow, as were also many other officers. notwithstanding this, however, they drove the barbarians out of the market-place. meantime, those who had made the assault upon the wall, took it, as it was now void of defenders. in the first capture of the city about 8,000 of the enemy were killed. the rest fled for refuge into the citadel; for 15,000 warriors in all had gathered together in the city. alexander encamped around these and besieged them for one day,517 and then they surrendered through lack of water. the seventh city he took at the first assault. ptolemy says that the men in it surrendered; but aristobulus asserts that this city was also taken by storm, and that he slew all who were captured therein. ptolemy also says that he distributed the men among the army and ordered that they should be kept guarded in chains until he should depart from the country, so that none of those who had effected the revolt should be left behind. meantime an army of the asiatic scythians arrived at the bank of the river tanais, because most of them had heard that some of the barbarians on the opposite side of the river had revolted from alexander. they intended to attack the macedonians, if any revolutionary movement worthy of consideration were effected. news 210was also brought that spitamenes was besieging the men who had been left in the citadel at maracanda. against him alexander then despatched andromachus, menedemus, and caranus with sixty of the companion cavalry, 800 of the mercenary cavalry under the command of caranus, and 1,500 mercenary infantry. over them he placed pharnuches the interpreter, who, though by birth a lycian, was skilled in the language of the barbarians of this country, and in other respects appeared clever in dealing with them.