defeat and death of spitamenes.

when this news was brought to craterus, he made a forced march against the massagetians, who, when they heard that he was marching against them, fled as fast as they could towards the desert. following them up closely, he overtook those very men and more than 1,000 other massagetian horsemen, not far from the desert. a fierce battle ensued, in which the macedonians were victorious. of the scythians, 150 horsemen were slain; but the rest of them easily escaped into the desert, for it was impossible for the macedonians to pursue them any further. at this time, alexander relieved artabazus of the viceroyalty of the bactrians, at his own request, on the ground of his advanced age; and amyntas, son of nicolaüs, was appointed viceroy in his stead.577 coenus 238was left with his own brigade and that of meleager, 400 of the companion cavalry, and all the horse-archers, besides the bactrians, sogdianians, and others who were under the command of amyntas. they were all under strict injunctions to obey coenus and to winter there in sogdiana, in order to protect the country and to arrest spitamenes, if anyhow they might be able to draw him into an ambush, as he was wandering about during the winter. but when spitamenes saw that every place was occupied by the macedonians for a garrison, and that there would soon be no way of flight left open to him, he turned round against coenus and the army with him, thinking that he would be better able to fight in this way. coming to bagae, a fortified place in sogdiana, situated on the confines of the countries of the sogdianians and the massagetian scythians, he easily persuaded 3,000 scythian horsemen to join him in an invasion of sogdiana. it is an easy matter to induce these scythians to engage in one war after another, because they are pinched by poverty, and at the same time have no cities or settled abodes, to give them cause for anxiety about what is most dear to them. when coenus ascertained that spitamenes was advancing with his cavalry, he went to meet him with his army. a sharp contest ensued, in which the macedonians were victorious, so that of the barbarian cavalry over 800 fell in the battle, while coenus lost 25 horsemen and twelve foot-soldiers. the consequence was, that the sogdianians who were still left with spitamenes, as well as most of the bactrians, deserted him in the flight, and came to coenus to surrender. the massagetian scythians having met with ill-success in the battle, plundered the baggage of the bactrians and sogdianians who were serving in the same army as themselves, and then fled into the desert in company with spitamenes. but when they were informed that alexander was already on the start to239 march into the desert, they cut off the head of spitamenes and sent it to him, with the hope by this deed of diverting him from pursuing them.