arrangements of porus.

ptolemy also says that alexander in the first place sent the horse-archers against these, and led the cavalry himself, thinking that porus was approaching with all his forces, and that this body of cavalry was marching in front of the rest of his army, being drawn up by him as the vanguard. but as soon as he had ascertained with accuracy the number of the indians, he immediately made a rapid charge upon them with the cavalry around him. when they perceived that alexander himself and the289 body of cavalry around him had made the assault, not in line of battle regularly formed, but by squadrons, they gave way; and 400 of their cavalry, including the son of porus, fell in the contest. the chariots also were captured, horses and all, being heavy and slow in the retreat, and useless in the action itself on account of the clayey ground. when the horsemen who had escaped from this rout brought news to porus that alexander himself had crossed the river with the strongest part of his army, and that his son had been slain in the battle, he nevertheless could not make up his mind what course to take, because the men who had been left behind under craterus were seen to be attempting to cross the river from the great camp which was directly opposite his position. however, at last he preferred to march against alexander himself with all his army, and to come into a decisive conflict with the strongest division of the macedonians, commanded by the king in person. but nevertheless he left a few of the elephants together with a small army there at the camp to frighten the cavalry under craterus from the bank of the river. he then took all his cavalry to the number of 4,000 men, all his chariots to the number of 300, with 200 of his elephants and 30,000 choice infantry, and marched against alexander. when he found a place where he saw there was no clay, but that on account of the sand the ground was all level and hard, and thus fit for the advance and retreat of horses, he there drew up his army. first he placed the elephants in the front, each animal being not less than a plethrum683 apart, so that they might be extended in the front before the whole of the phalanx of infantry, and produce terror everywhere among alexander’s cavalry. besides he thought that none of the enemy would have the audacity to push themselves into the spaces between 290the elephants, the cavalry being deterred by the fright of their horses; and still less would the infantry do so, it being likely they would be kept off in front by the heavy-armed soldiers falling upon them, and trampled down by the elephants wheeling round against them. near these he had posted the infantry, not occupying a line on a level with the beasts, but in a second line behind them, only so far distant that the companies of foot might be pushed forward a short distance into the spaces between them. he had also bodies of infantry standing beyond the elephants on the wings; and on both sides of the infantry he had posted the cavalry, in front of which were placed the chariots on both wings of his army.