invasion of the land of the cathaeans.

meantime he received information that the tribe called cathaeans and some other tribes of the independent indians were preparing for battle, if he approached their land; and that they were summoning to the enterprise all the tribes conterminous with them who were in like manner independent. he was also informed that the city, sangala by name,704 near which they were thinking of having the struggle, was a strong one. the cathaeans themselves were considered very daring and skilful in war; and two other tribes of indians, the oxydracians and mallians, were in the same temper as the cathaeans. for a short time before it happened that porus and abisares had marched against them with their own forces and had roused many other tribes of the independent indians to arms, but were forced to retreat without effecting anything worthy of the preparations they had made. when alexander was informed of this, he made a forced march against the cathaeans, and on the second day after starting from the river hydraotes he arrived at a city called pimprama, inhabited by a tribe of indians named adraistaeans, who yielded to him on terms of capitulation. giving his army a rest the next day, he advanced on the third day to sangala, where the cathaeans and the other neighbouring tribes had assembled and marshalled themselves in front of the city upon a hill which was not precipitous on all sides. they had posted their waggons all round this hill and were 302encamping within them in such a way that they were surrounded by a triple palisade of waggons. when alexander perceived the great number of the barbarians and the nature of their position, he drew up his forces in the order which seemed to him especially adapted to his present circumstances, and sent his horse-archers at once without any delay against them, ordering them to ride along and shoot at them from a distance; so that the indians might not be able to make any sortie, before his army was in proper array, and that even before the battle commenced they might be wounded within their stronghold. upon the right wing he posted the guard of cavalry and the cavalry regiment of clitus; next to these the shield-bearing guards, and then the agrianians. towards the left he had stationed perdiccas with his own regiment of cavalry, and the battalions of foot companions. the archers he divided into two parts and placed them on each wing. while he was marshalling his army, the infantry and cavalry of the rear-guard came up. of these, he divided the cavalry into two parts and led them to the wings, and with the infantry which came up he made the ranks of the phalanx more dense and compact. he then took the cavalry which had been drawn up on the right, and led it towards the waggons on the left wing of the indians; for here their position seemed to him more easy to assail, and the waggons had not been placed together so densely.