two years of recreation and study in the old world.

the parting cheers died into silence, the ship began to speed through the spray, the forms of his friends receded and vanished, the roofs and spires of the city lowered and faded, the sun sank in the west, the hills of neversink subsided below the horizon, and only the gliding vessel and her foamy wake broke the expanse of ocean and sky, when the outward-bound forrest for the first night sought his berth, relieving the sadness of his farewell to america with thoughts of what awaited him in europe and asia.

life spread before him an alluring prospect, and nothing which he could ask to encourage and stimulate his aspirations seemed to be wanting. when he looked back, he could not fail to be grateful. beginning the struggle under such depressing circumstances,—poor, friendless, uneducated,—he had won a handsome fortune, a national fame, a host of admiring friends, and no inconsiderable amount of cultivation and miscellaneous knowledge. and now, at twenty-eight, with two long years of freedom from all responsibility and care before him, blessed with superabundant health and strength and hope, he was on his way to the enchanted scenes of the old world,—the famous cities, battle-fields, monuments, art-galleries, and pleasure-gardens,—of which he had read and dreamed so much. he was going with an earnest purpose to improve himself as well as to enjoy himself. this spirit, with a well-filled purse, and the fluent knowledge of the french language which he had acquired in new orleans, were important conditions for the realization of his aim. and thus, with alternate recollections of those left behind, observations of the scenery and experiences of marine life, mapping out the series of places he meant to visit, and thinking over what he would do, the days wore by. he spread his cloak sometimes on the deck in the

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very prow of the vessel, and lying on it upon his back, so that he could see nothing but the sky and clouds, continued there for hours, allowing the scene and the strong sensations it awoke to sink into his soul, feeling himself a little speck floating on a larger speck between two infinities. he said he often, years afterwards, associated the remembrance of this experience with speeches of lear and hamlet when representing those characters on the stage.

edwin forrest.

æt 21

a fortnight of monotony and nausea, sprinkled with a few excitements, passed, and the transatlantic shore hove in view, as welcome a vision as his eyes had ever seen. landing at havre, he bade adieu to captain forbes and the good ship sully, made his way at once to paris, and, taking apartments, settled down to that delightful course of mingled recreation and study to which he had long been looking forward.

a voyage across the ocean and a two years' residence in europe for a young american full of eager curiosity and ambition, cut loose from the routine and precedents of home and friends, cannot but constitute an epoch of extreme importance in his life. this must be true in its effects on the development of his personal character, detaching him and bringing out his manhood; and, if he is the votary of any liberal art, true also in its influence on his professional culture. in 1834 such an enterprise was a greater event than it is now. the number of american travellers in europe was nothing like what it has grown to be since. furthermore, the multiplication of books and descriptive letters, giving the most minute and vivid accounts of all that is most interesting in a journey or residence in the different countries then visited by forrest, has been so great, that any prolonged presentation of his adventures and observations there would now seem so out of date and out of place as to be an impertinence. it will suffice for all the legitimate ends of a biography if a few characteristic specimens of what befell him and what he saw and did are furnished from his letters, his diary, and his subsequent conversation. these will indicate the spirit of the man at that time, and show something of the advantages, personal and professional, which he gained from the social and artistic sources of instruction opened to him while abroad. it will be seen that, however strong the attractions of pleasure were to him, he did

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not neglect the opportunities for substantial profit, but, keeping his faculties alert to observe new phases of human nature and fresh varieties of social life, he was especially careful to drink in the beauties of natural scenery and to study the expressive possibilities of the human form, as illustrated in the works of the greatest artists of ancient and modern time.

the following letter was written shortly after his arrival in paris:

"to say that i am pleased with what i have thus far seen of paris would be a phrase of very inadequate meaning: i am surprised and delighted. i have been to the louvre, the tuileries, place vendôme, st. cloud,—here, there, and everywhere,—and i have not yet seen a twentieth part of the objects which claim a stranger's attention. one cannot go into the streets for a moment, indeed, but something new attracts his curiosity; and it seems to me that my senses, which i have heretofore considered adequate to the usual purposes of life, ought now to be enlarged and quickened for the full enjoyment of the objects which surround me. i have, of course, visited some of the theatres, of which there are upwards of twenty now open. a number of the best actors, however, are absent from the city, fulfilling provincial engagements, and may not be expected back for a month or more. i went to the théâtre porte st. martin the other night, to see mademoiselle georges, now, on the french stage, the queen of tragedy. i saw her perform the part of lucrece borgia, in victor hugo's drama of that name. her personation was truly beautiful,—nay, that is too cold a word; it was grand, and even terrible! though a woman more than fifty years old, never can i forget the dignity of her manner, the flexible and expressive character of her yet fine face, and the rich, full, stirring, and well-modulated tones of her voice. how different is her and nature's style from the sickly abortions of the present english school of acting, lately introduced upon the american stage!—the snakelike writhing and contortion of body, the rolling and straining of the eyeballs till they squint, the shuffling gait, and the whining monotone,—how different, i say, from all this is the natural and easy style of mademoiselle georges! in her you trace no servile imitations of a bad model; but you behold that sort of excellence which makes you forget you are in a theatre,—that

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perfection of art by which art is wholly concealed,—the lofty and the thrilling, the subdued and the graceful, harmoniously mingling, the spirit being caught from living nature. i had been led to believe that, in france, the highest order of tragic excellence had died with talma. it is not so. i consider mademoiselle georges the very incarnation of the tragic muse.

"the french, it must be allowed, understand and practise the art of living independently. they find you furnished apartments according to your own taste and means—comfortable, handsome, or gorgeous—in any part of the city or its environs. in your rooms you may either breakfast, dine, and sup, or take only your coffee there, and dine at a restaurant. this is to me, a bird of passage, and desirous of taking a bird's-eye view of things, a delightful mode of living. paris is filled with restaurants and cafés of all sorts and sizes, where you may obtain your 'provant,' as captain dalgetty would style it, at what price you please, from the humble sum of a few sous up to the emptying of a well-lined purse. ladies, gentlemen, and whole families may be seen at these places, enjoying their repast, and the utmost order and decorum prevail. some of these cafés are magnificently furnished. i breakfasted in one yesterday the furniture and decorations of the salon of which cost eighty thousand francs. another agreeable thing in paris is, that you may one moment be in the midst of fashion, pomp, and all the hollowness of the flattering crowd, and the next buried in the sincere quiet of your own chamber, your very existence blotted from the memories of those with whom, the unsophisticated might have imagined, your society was of the utmost consequence. i say this is pleasant when properly understood and appreciated. all that is required of you is the superficial courtesy of life, which costs a well-bred man nothing; and in return you have a well-dissembled friendship, looking like truth, but which they would not have you to cherish as a reality for the world. the sentiments of the heart are quite too dull and too troublesome for their mercurial temperament; and hence you seldom hear of a frenchman's having a false friend."

the professional bias which so strongly dominated among the associations in the mind of forrest led him very early after his arrival in the french metropolis, to visit the tomb of talma.

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carrying a fresh laurel crown under his cloak, he sought out the consecrated place among the crowd of undistinguished graves, reverently laid his tribute there, and lingered long in meditation on the career, the genius, the renown of the greatest stage-actor of france, and the lessons to be learned from his life and character by ambitious successors in his art. thus, like byron at the grave of churchill, did the player draw his profitable homily from "the glory," though, unlike the morbid bard, he did not think of "the nothing, of a name."

one incident occurred in the experience of forrest in paris which has much significance on several accounts. he had formed a very pleasant acquaintance with the manager of one of the theatres. this manager had a protégé of whose nascent talent as an actor he cherished a high estimate. the youth was to make his début, and the manager asked the american tragedian to attend the performance and give his opinion of the promise it indicated. at the close of the play, asked to state his candid impression without reserve, forrest said to the manager, "he will never rise beyond a respectable mediocrity. it is a perfectly hopeless case. there are no deeps of latent passion in him, no lava-reservoirs. his sensibility is quick, but all superficial. but that jewish-looking girl, that little bag of bones with the marble face and flaming eyes,—there is demoniacal power in her. if she lives, and does not burn out too soon, she will become something wonderful." that little bag of bones was the then unknown rachel!

the next selection presented from his correspondence was written to leggett several months later, and soon after jackson's recommendation of reprisals if the american claims on france were not paid:

"you see i still date from the gay metropolis of france. the fascinations of paris have held me longer than i intended; but i mean to break from them by the first of next month, and cross into italy. i have read the president's admirable message: it breathes a spirit worthy of himself, worthy of the occasion, worthy of my country. i refer particularly, of course, to his views relative to france. his energetic and manly sentiments have had the effect here of once more americanizing americans, and revived within them that love of country which the pageantry

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and frivolity, the dreamy and debasing luxury of this metropolis serve materially to enervate. the chamber of deputies has not yet recovered from the shock occasioned by the unanticipated recommendations of the message. opinion is divided as to the course which will be pursued; but from all i hear, and all i observe, i am strongly inclined to believe that when they have recovered from their bewilderment they will come to the conclusion that, in this instance at least, honesty is the best policy; and perhaps they may consider also that discretion is the better part of valor.

"by the way, i was presented to louis philippe on the third and last evening of the usual presentations. i was accompanied by mr. ——, of boston. we crossed over to the palace of the tuileries (which is nearly opposite to our hotel) about nine o'clock in the evening, passed unquestioned by the numerous guards who throng the avenues of the great court-yard, and entered the vestibule of the palace, filled with an army of servants in rich liveries, standing in form, with all the stiffness of militia officers on drill. we next ascended to an elevated mosaic pavement, where we encountered two secretaries prepared to receive the names of visitors. on entering the palace, we ascended a grand staircase, the stone balustrade of which is beautifully ornamented with lyres and snakes, under suns,—the crests of colbert and louis xiv. on the first landing is the salon of the hundred swiss, which has four ionic columns, and is ornamented with four statues of silence, two sitting and two erect. we next passed into the state apartments. the first is the salon of the marshals, occupying the whole of the centre pavilion, and having a graceful balcony on each side. the walls are hung with portraits of the marshals of france by the most eminent artists, and it also contains busts of several distinguished french generals. in the next room, which is called the salon of the nobles, we found a concourse of ladies and gentlemen, comprising the orders of nobility, and all richly and appropriately attired. this apartment is set off with gold, representing battles, marches, triumphs, surrounded with ornaments and allegorical figures. the salon of peace, which is the next room, contains also many costly decorations; but i had less opportunity to observe these, as the crowd became each moment denser and denser, and to make our way through it de

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manded all our attention. this human current at last débouched in the salle du trône, and, diffusing itself quickly around it, its waves subsided like those of an impetuous torrent when it pauses in the valley and spreads itself out, as if in homage, at the mountain's foot. i need not tell you of the beauty of the throne, the richness of its carved work, the profusion of gold ornaments with which it is sprinkled, the gorgeousness of the crimson canopy which overhangs it, or the pride-kindling trophies which are dispersed in picturesque clusters at its sides. these things, and numerous like accessories, your fancy will present to you with sufficient accuracy.

"the king had not yet entered, but was expected every moment; and the interval afforded me an opportunity of studying the brilliant scene. the effect at first was absolutely dazzling. the plumed and jewelled company constantly moving and intermingling, so that the light played in a thousand trembling and shifting beams, which flashed in arrowy showers not only at every motion, but almost every respiration, of the diamond-covered groups, and these groups multiplied to infinity by the reflections of magnificent mirrors surrounded by chandeliers that diffused excessive lustre through the room, presented a scene to me which, as i eagerly gazed on it, almost pained me with its surpassing splendor.

"in the anxious hush of expectation, the old ladies, as if in melancholy consciousness of the decay of their natural charms, busied themselves in arranging their diamonds to the most dazzling effect of brilliancy, while the young demoiselles threw hurried glances at each other, scrutinizing their relative pretensions in the way of decorations and personal beauty. the varieties of human character found time to display themselves even in the brief and anxious period of suspense while waiting for the entrance of royalty. pride, envy, jealousy, ambition, coquetry, were all at work. here an antique and embroidered dandy twisted his long and grizzly mustachios with an air of perfect satisfaction, whilst his bump of self-esteem seemed demanding immediate release from his tightened peruke. there an old spanish general talked loudly of the wars, and 'fought his battles o'er again.' from a pair of melting eyes a fair one on one hand threw languishing glances on the favored youth at her side, while the ruby

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lip of another curled with contempt as a lighter figure or a fairer face swept by.

"but a general movement of the crowd soon gave a new direction to my thoughts; and my eyes, from studying the various features of the splendid crowd, were now attracted to those of the king, who had just entered the apartment. for a moment all was bustle. the ladies arranged themselves along the sides of the spacious salon, and louis philippe, with his queen, the two princesses, and the two dukes, orleans and nemours, together with the officers and dames of honor, passed along the line, politely and familiarly conversing with the ladies. after satisfying our curiosity by gazing on the royal family, and having followed them to the salon of peace, we returned again to the salle du trône, where we took seats in front of the royal chair. here i sat meditating on the gaudy and empty show for some time, when an officer suddenly entered and exclaimed, 'messieurs, la reine!' and immediately the queen entered. i rose and bowed, which she graciously acknowledged, and passed into the apartment beyond, called the hall of council. the king, with the rest of the family, attended by the courtiers, followed the queen. the ladies had now all been presented, and most of them had retired. about a hundred gentlemen were assembled at the door of the council-chamber, and myself and friend had scarcely joined the group when the doors opened, and one by one those before us passed in. a gentleman usher at the door demanded the names of those who passed, and announced them to the court. after hearing those of sundry marquises, counts, and others announced, it at last came to my turn. my name was audibly repeated, i entered, and made my début before the king of france with not half the trepidation i experienced on presenting myself for the first time before a sovereign in new york—i mean the sovereign people—on an occasion you will recollect. the king addressed a question to me in french, and after exchanging a few sentences i bade him farewell, bowed to the queen and others of the royal family, and withdrew.

"our plain republicans often laugh at the mimic monarchs of the stage for their want of grace and dignity. a trip to court would satisfy them that real monarchs are not always overstocked with those qualities.

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"i some time ago had the pleasure of an introduction to the celebrated mademoiselle mars. she received me very cordially, and through her polite offices the freedom of the théâtre français was presented to me. of all the actresses i have ever seen, m'lle mars stands first in comedy. in her you perceive the natural ease and grace which should characterize the most finished lady of the drawing-room; and her quiet yet effective style of acting is the most enchanting and delicate triumph of the mimic art. you cannot witness one of her performances without thinking that the genius of comedy belongs exclusively to the french stage. do not suppose that my opinion is influenced by personal attentions: it was formed before i had had the pleasure of being presented to her. though possessing a splendid fortune, she still exerts, fortunately for the lovers of the drama, her unrivalled talents in her laborious and difficult profession. she lives in a palace, and even her salle du billard is an apartment which would well serve for a corporation dinner.

"the great and almost the only topic of conversation in all circles just now is the president's message, the recall of the french minister, and the intimation to mr. livingston that his passports were at his service. allow a little time for the effervescence of public feeling to subside, for the excitable temper of this mercurial nation to grow calm, and i think the propriety of paying our claims will be acknowledged.

"while i scribble this desultory letter to you, i am with you in fancy, and almost wish i were so in reality. i am tired of the glare and frivolities of paris, and long to tread again

'the piled leaves of the west,—

my own green forest land.'

"france is refined and polite; america is solid and sincere. france is the land for pleasure; america the land for happiness. adieu. i shall go into italy in a fortnight, from whence i will write you again."

the following letter, addressed to another friend, was written about three weeks after the foregoing one:

"i am about bidding adieu to paris, having been detained here by its various fascinations much longer than i anticipated. i shall set out on tuesday next, with three young americans, to travel

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by post through italy, so as to be in rome before the termination of the carnival. i can at least claim the merit of not having been idle during my sojourn in paris, and the time has passed both agreeably and profitably. though the dulce has been the chief object of my search, the utile has been found with it, and has not been altogether neglected, neither, as a separate aim. new sources of various information have opened themselves to my mind at every turn in this great and gay and ever-changing metropolis; and whether i hereafter resume the buskin, or play a more real part in the drama of life, i think i shall find my gleanings here of service to me. i have mingled with all ranks of people, from the monarch who wears 'the golden round and top of sovereignty,' down to the lowest of his subjects,

'in smoky cribs,

upon uneasy pallets stretching them.'

"i have visited alike the perfumed chambers of the great and the poor abodes of the lowly, the institutions of science, literature, and the arts, the resorts of fashion, of folly, and of vice, and in all i have found something which not merely served to fill up the passing hour, but that furnished either substantial additions of knowledge or agreeable subjects of future meditation and discourse. human nature, as modified by the different circumstances of life and fortune, presents an ample and diversified volume to her student in paris: and in this bustling and glittering panorama, where everything seems most artificial, one who looks beneath the surface may learn much of the secret feelings, motives, passions, and genius of man.

"the president's message still continues to be the theme of much conversation. in the saloons of the theatres, in the cafés and restaurants, and on the public promenades i frequently hear the name of general jackson uttered by tongues that never before were troubled to syllable it, and which do not pronounce it 'trippingly,' according to hamlet's advice, but twist it into various grotesque sounds. passing through ste. pélagie the other day (a prison for debtors), i overheard one of the inmates of that abode discussing with great vehemence the question of indemnity. he held a newspaper in his hand, and, as i passed, exclaimed, 'la france ne devrait pas payer les vingt-cinq millions!' a fellow-feeling,

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thought i, makes us wondrous kind. the anecdote of the porter, the soldier, and the debtor, in the 'citizen of the world,' occurred to my mind.

"by the way, the prison of ste. pélagie is a curious establishment. it derives its name from an actress of the city of antioch, who became a penitent in the fifth century. no other prison in paris presents so diversified a picture, such a motley group of inmates, so singular an association of rank, country, profession, and age. barons, marquises, and princes are among the cooped-up denizens of ste. pélagie. an austrian prince, one of these, is shut up here to answer the claims of creditors to the amount of several millions. a café and restaurant are maintained within the prison; and one entering these, were he not reminded of his whereabouts by the gratings of the windows, might easily imagine himself in the café des trois frères of the palais royal.

"i regret that i was not in america to welcome james sheridan knowles to our shores. i should have been glad to take the author of 'virginius' and 'the hunchback' by the hand,—ay, and by the heart too; for, from all i hear, any man might be proud of his friendship. but new york had this reception in her own hands, and it, no doubt, was such a one as 'gave him wonder great as his content.' i remember, very vividly, what sort of a reception she gave to a youth 'unknown to fame,' in whom you are kind enough to take an interest,—a youth whose highest ambition was only to strut his hour in those parts which the genius of knowles has created. can i, then, doubt that to the dramatist himself her greeting was most cordial?

"adieu! i shall probably meet with bryant in rome; and, in conversing with him of past scenes and distant friends, shall almost feel myself, for a time, restored to their society."

the description of the first portion of his tour in italy, in a long letter to leggett, also seems worthy of preservation, and will have a various interest for the reader even now:

"i left paris on the 11th instant on my projected ramble through italy. it was not without regret that i at last quitted the gay and brilliant metropolis of france, which i had entered a total stranger but a few months before, but in which i had experienced the most grateful courtesies, and formed friendships with persons whose talents and worth have secured them an abiding place in

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my esteem. as the towers of notre dame and the dome of the pantheon faded from my sight, i sighed an adieu to the past, and turned with somewhat of apathy, if not reluctance, to the future.

"at this season of the year the country of france presents to the american traveller a cheerless appearance. without forests to variegate the scene with their many-colored garniture, and with rarely even a hedge to define the boundaries of individual property, the country looks somewhat like a wide, uncultivated common or storm-beaten prairie; and in this state of 'naked, unfenced desolation,' even one of those unsightly and zigzag structures which in america mark the limits of contiguous farms would have been an agreeable interruption of the monotony. the neat farm-houses of america, with all their accessories bespeaking prosperity and thrift, are not met with here; but, instead, a bleak, untidy hovel obtrudes itself on your sight, or your eyes, turning from it, rest on a ruined tower or once proud château tumbling into decay.

"i reached lyons at midnight on the 13th, and spent the following day in visiting the chief objects of interest in the city, among which were the museum of antiquities and the cathedral. my curiosity led me to inspect the silk manufactories of this place; but the pleasure which i should have derived from witnessing the beautiful creations of the loom was wholly counteracted by the squalid and miserable appearance of the poor creatures by whom the glossy fabrics are made,—attenuated, sickly wretches, who waste their being in ineffectual toil, since the scanty pittance which they earn is not enough to sustain life. my thoughts reverted from these oppressed creatures to the slaves of america. the condition of the latter is one of luxury in comparison. yet they are slaves,—how much is in a name!

"i crossed the alps by mont cenis. the toil of this achievement is a different thing now from what it was in the time of pompey, who has the honor of being set down as the first that made the passage. from his time till 1811 the journey must have had its difficulties, since it could only be performed on foot, or with a mule or donkey. napoleon then came upon the scene, and—presto, change—in five months a carriage-road wound by an easy ascent from the base to the cloud-capped summit, and thence down into the sunny lap of italy. napoleon! wherever he passed

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he has left traces of his greatness stamped in indelible characters. a thousand imperishable monuments attest the magnificence of his genius. here, now, at all seasons, a practicable road traverses mont cenis, running six thousand feet above the level of the sea, and uniting the valley of the arck in savoy to that of doria ripuaria in piedmont. what a bugbear the passage of the alps is to the uninitiated! and all travellers seem disposed to encourage the deception. for my own part, the tales i had heard prepared me to anticipate an encounter with all sorts of difficulties, and that i should avoid them only by 'hair-breadth 'scapes.' when i first mentioned my intention of crossing mont cenis in the month of february, a laugh of incredulity was the only answer i received from certain 'holiday and silken fools.' and yet, when i came to test the nature of those perils which seemed so formidable viewed from paris, judge my surprise at finding one of the best roads i was ever wheeled over, stealing up into mid-heaven by such a gentle ascent, that, were not one continually reminded of his whereabout by the roar of foaming waters, as they leap from fragment to fragment of the huge, dissevered rocks, and tumble into 'steep-down gulfs,' he might almost fancy himself gliding smoothly over one of those modern contrivances which have realized, in some measure, the wish of nat lee's hero, and 'annihilated time and space.'

"a kentuckian once riding with me on the albany and troy turnpike, after an interval of silence, in which he was probably comparing that smooth road with the rough-hewn ways of his own state, suddenly broke out, 'well, this road has the leetlest tilt from a level i ever did see!' the odd expression occurred to my mind more than once in crossing the alps. it may do to talk of the terrors of the alps to certain lap-nursed europeans, who have never surmounted any but mole-hill difficulties; but to americans—or such americans, at least, as have seen something of their own magnificent country before hastening to examine the miniature features of europe—the alps have no terror in their threats. land-admiral reeside or honest joe webster of albany would enjoy a hearty laugh to see for himself what alpine dangers are, and with one of his fast teams would contract to take you over the mountains in no time at any season of the year.

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"i should possess a graphic pen, indeed, were i able to communicate to you, by the faint coloring of words, anything like an adequate idea of the lofty grandeur of the scene which was spread out beneath me as i paused on the summit of the mountain to cast back one more lingering look on france. the sun was just setting, and the slant rays lighted with dazzling lustre the snowy peaks around me, and bathed in a flood of light like molten gold the crags and flinty projections of the lightning-scathed and time-defying rocks. a dark cloud, like a funeral pall, overhung the valley; the mountain-torrent hoarsely brawled along its devious channel half choked with thick-ribbed ice; and a thousand features of rude magnificence filled me with admiration of the sublimity which marks this home of the tempest and avalanche. at the hotel where i supped, a number of the peasantry were making the most of the carnival-time with music, masking, and dancing,—and all this above the clouds!

"day was just breaking when we entered turin. the hum and stir of busy life were just beginning, and the laborer, called from his pallet to resume his toil, jostled in the street the sons of revelry, returning jaded and worn out from the scenes of merriment. the traveller who would view the carnival in its most attractive guise should not break in upon it with the pale light of morning, as what i saw on entering turin fully satisfied me. the lamps were still burning in the streets, and the maskers wearily returning to their several homes. poor harlequin, with sprained ankle, limped tediously away. columbine hung listlessly upon the arm of pantaloon, whose chalky visage was without a smile, and whose thoughts, if he thought at all, were probably running much upon the same theme as honest sancho's when he pronounced a blessing on the man who first invented sleep. these exhausted revellers, a weary sentinel here and there half dozing on his post, and a houseless beggar wandering on his unappointed course, were the sights that first drew my attention on entering the gates of turin.

"the streets of turin are spacious and clean, and cross each other at right angles. their regularity and airiness were quite refreshing after being so long confined to the dungeon-like dimensions and gloom of the byways of a french town. but these spacious streets, like those of all other italian cities, are overrun

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with mendicants, and i have already had occasion to observe that where palaces most abound so also do beggars. the foundations of the lordly structures of aristocracy everywhere alike are laid on the rights of man, and the cement which holds them together is mixed with the tears of human misery.

"going to the church of st. philip this morning, i encountered an old man sitting on the pavement, supplicating for alms in heart-rending tones. he could not have been less than eighty years of age, and his long locks, of silvery whiteness, strayed thinly over his shrivelled neck. his eyes were out,—those pure messengers of thought no longer twinkled in their spheres,—but he still turned the orbless sockets to each passer, imploring charity in the name of him whose crucified image he grasped in his attenuated fingers. i was touched by the spectacle, and as i approached to drop my dole into his hand, i noticed a brass plate hanging on his threadbare garment, the inscription on which denoted that this mendicant had been regularly examined by the police, and had taken out his license to beg! what a source this from which to derive public revenue! what a commentary on the nature of government in this oppressed country! what a contrast it suggested, in turning my thoughts to my own land, where government is the people's choice, the rulers their servants, and laws nothing more than recorded public opinion!

"on entering the church of st. philip, i found before an altar blazing with lights and enveloped in clouds of incense a priest performing the impressive service of the catholic church. but the thing that struck me was the democratic spirit which seemed to govern the congregation in their public worship. i saw kneeling and mingling in prayer the sumptuously clad and the ragged, the clean and the unclean, the prince and the beggar. on the pavement at a little distance from me lay extended a strapping mendicant, reduced in point of clothing almost to the condition of lear's 'unaccommodated man,' and groaning out his prayers in tones that sounded more like curses than supplications, while at his side, with graceful mien and placid brow, knelt a sardinian sylph, looking more like an angel interceding for the prostrate wretch than a being of kindred nature asking mercy for herself.

"the museum of turin is of great extent, and contains vast

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apartments devoted to natural history, mineralogy, and other sciences. there are here, besides, some rare specimens of antique greek and egyptian sculpture. the finest collection of paintings is in the palace of the duchess, among them pictures by vandyke, rubens, teniers, murillo, and other 'approved good masters.' i was much struck with a full equestrian portrait of his present majesty charles albert, by horace vernet. vernet is one of the very few whose horses live on the canvas. the one to which i now allude is not only exhibited in all his fair proportions, with muscles, thews, and sinews that seem swelling with life, but actual, not counterfeit, spirit shines in the sparkle of his eye and is seen in the breath of his distended nostrils.

"the grand opera house of turin is very spacious, containing six rows of boxes, dimly lighted by a single small chandelier suspended over the centre of the pit. the rest of the lights are reserved for the stage, by which the scenic effects are greatly heightened; but i doubt if what is gained in that respect would reconcile an american audience to sit in a sort of twilight so dim as scarcely to allow one to know the complexion of the person sitting at his side. the performances were very ordinary, and presented nothing worth mentioning or remembering."

he rode into beautiful genoa over that magnificent corniche road whose left side is diversified with stretching fields and olive-orchards and soaring cliffs, whose right side the blue ocean fringes. the city has a charm to the imagination of an american from its connection with columbus, and a charm to the eye from that lovely semicircle of mountains embracing it, and which so slope to the waves of the sea in front and blend with the clouds of the sky in the rear that it is often impossible for the gazer to tell where earth ends and heaven begins. it was sunday when forrest entered genoa. looking out into the glorious bay, he saw an american ship of war riding proudly at anchor, the beautiful banner of stars and stripes hanging at her peak, every mast and spar and rope mirrored in the glassy flood below. his breast thrilled at the sight. he hired a boatman to row him out. clambering up the side, he asked permission of the commander to come on deck and to stand underneath the flag. it was granted, and, looking up at the silken folds floating between him and heaven, he breathed deeply in pride and joy. "the ship,"

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he said, "was a fragment of my country floated away here, and in touching it i felt reunited to the whole again."

he made a long tarry in florence, studying the treasures of art for which that city is so renowned. he became intimate with horatio greenough, for whose genius—hardly yet appreciated as it deserves—he felt the warmest admiration. "he favored me," writes forrest, "with a sight of his yet unfinished model for the statue of washington, which was ordered by our government. he has represented the father of his country in a sitting posture, his left hand grasping the sword intrusted to him by the people for the achievement of their liberties, and his right pointing upward, as if to express reliance on the god of battles and the justice of his cause. with what different emotions did i regard this statue from those created by the marble honors paid to the cæsars of the olden time! how my heart warmed with patriotic ardor and my eyes moistened as i looked on the reverend image of the great sage and hero! as an american i felt allied to him,—as an american i felt, too, with a consciousness that diffused a warm and grateful flush upon my cheek, that i was an heir to that sacred legacy of freedom which he and his compatriots bequeathed to their country."

after visiting rome, naples, venice, verona, and other places of the greatest interest in italy, forrest proceeded to spain, where he spent several delightful weeks. he made seville his chief headquarters, remembering the old spanish proverb he had often heard, "who sees not seville misses a marvel." one day, while riding on horseback in the suburbs,—it being in the harvest-season,—he passed a vineyard in which the peasants were at work. he saw one man standing with upturned breast and outstretched arms to receive a bunch of grapes which another man was cutting from a vine loaded with clusters so enormous that a single one must have weighed forty or fifty pounds. at this sight he reined in his horse, and his head sank on his bosom. the years rolled back, and he was a boy again. once more it was a sunday afternoon in summer, and through the open window of a house in philadelphia the sunshine was streaming across the floor where a young lad, with a bible in his hands, was laughing at the picture of two men carrying a bunch of the grapes of eshcol slung on a pole between them. again the

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hand of the mother was on the shoulder of the boy, and her dark eyes fixed on his, and in his soul he heard, as distinctly as though spoken audibly to his outward ear, the words, "edwin, never laugh at the fancied ignorance and absurdity of another, when perhaps the ignorance and absurdity are all your own." the tears ran down his cheeks as, starting up his horse, he said to himself, "ah, mother, mother! dear good soul, how wise and kind you were! what a fool i was!"

from spain forrest returned for a flying visit to paris, where he wrote the following letter to his mother, which may be taken as a specimen of the large number he sent to her during his absence:

"paris, july 3d, 1835.

"my dear mother,—your letter of the 27th of may has this moment reached me. how happy has the perusal of it made me! you write that you have been sick, but that now you are well. how glad i am to hear that you are restored! it is the dearest wish of my heart that health and happiness may always be preserved to you,—to you and to my dear sisters. your welfare makes existence doubly sweet to me. i bear a 'charmed life' so long as you live and smile. all that i am i owe to you. your necessities prompted my ambition; your affection led me on to triumph,—the harvest is your own, and my choicest wish is that you may long live to enjoy it. i was in naples the 9th of march last, the anniversary of my birthday, and you were not forgotten. i drank a cup of wine to you, and my heart grew proud while it acknowledged you the source of its creation.

"it gives me great pleasure to hear that james sheridan knowles called to see you, and i regret that your indisposition prevented you from seeing him. i am told he is a sincere and warm-hearted man; and when such estimable qualities are joined to the rare talents which he possesses, the individual who combines them is as 'one man picked out of ten thousand.'

"mr. wemyss, in sending to you the season-tickets (though you may never use them), has acted like himself, and i most gratefully acknowledge his politeness and courtesy. you say you are anxiously counting the months and days until my return. in two months more we shall have been parted for a year,—a whole

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year. that is a long time in the calendar when hearts that love become the reckoners of the hours. but the day draws on when we are to meet again; and after the first moments of our happy greetings, when your blessing has confirmed my return, and the emotions of the first hours shall be subdued into the serene content that must surely follow, then will we regard our present separation as a short dream of the past, and wonder that we thought we were divided so long.

"i will forward to you by the ship which will carry this letter a small box containing the following articles, viz., a necklace made from the lava of vesuvius, beautifully carved and set in gold, together with a pair of ear-rings, for sister henrietta; a cameo of the three graces and a pair of lava ear-rings for eleanora; a cameo of the apollo belvedere and a pair of lava ear-rings for caroline. the two cameos caroline and eleanora will have set in gold, to wear as breast-pins, and charge the expense thereof to my account.

"give my best respects to goodman, and say how much i thank him for his friendly attentions. i suppose col. wetherill is grubbing away at his farm: or has he got tired of green fields and running brooks? if you see him, say he is most gratefully remembered by me. i am glad john wall occasionally calls upon you. i like him much. and now, to conclude, allow me to say to you, my dear mother, to be of good cheer, for my wanderings will soon be over, and i shall again be restored to you in unabated health and strength. and meanwhile, be assured that your son,

'where'er he roams, whatever clime to see,

his heart untravelled fondly turns to thee.'

edwin forrest."

his short stay in the principal cities of the german confederation,—now so wondrously consolidated and transformed into the german empire,—though highly edifying and satisfactory to him at the time, yields nothing which calls for present record, unless, perhaps, a passing entry in his diary at dresden be worthy of citation. "rose from a refreshing siesta and walked upon the fashionable terrace. the evening was calm and beautiful. the flowers and shrubs profusely growing, the music of a fine band, the rush and patter of children's feet, with the rapture of their

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voices in joyous sport, the eyes of their parents beaming on them with tranquillity and hope, made all around appear a paradise. my brow alone seemed clouded; it was, however, but for an instant, as a quick thought of home sprang through my brain, and busy memories of her who had once watched my infant steps stirred about my heart. would that, unimpeded by space, i could waft all my fond wishes to her at this moment!"

an excursion in switzerland yielded him intense enjoyment. his studies for the rôle of william tell had made him familiar with this country, and he longed to verify and complete his mental impressions by the more concrete perceptions obtainable through the direct senses. to stand in the village of altorf and on the field of grütli, to row a boat on lucerne and unterwald, to scale the mountains and see the lammergeyer swoop and hear the avalanche fall, to pause among the torrents and precipices and cry aloud,

"ye crags and peaks. i'm with you once again;

i call to you with all my voice; i hold

to you the hands you first beheld, to show

they still are free!"

must have given him no ordinary pleasure. at chamouni he bought a copy of that magnificent hymn of nature composed in this valley by coleridge during his visit here. printed on a rough sheet, it was for sale at the inn. forrest had never seen it before. he climbed some distance up the side of the great mountain. reaching a grassy spot in full view of the principal features of the landscape, he thrust his alpenstock in the earth, hung his hat upon it, and, seating himself beside a beautiful cascade whose steady roar mingled with his voice, he read aloud that sublime poem whose solemn thoughts and gorgeous diction so well befit the theme they treat.

"hast thou a charm to stay the morning star

in his steep course? so long he seems to pause

on thy bald awful head, o sovran blanc!

the arve and arveiron at thy base

rave ceaselessly; but thou, most awful form,

risest from forth thy silent sea of pines

how silently!"

speaking of the incident long years afterward, he said he did not

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think of it at the time as any sort of religious service, but that his emotions really made it as genuine a one as the recital of a liturgy in any pettier and less divine cathedral.

from germany he took ship to england. the following extract from a letter home will give a glimpse of his experience in london, where it was written:

"i have been here about three weeks, and it gives me great pleasure to say that, from the abundant proofs i have had of english hospitality, it amply deserves that world-wide reputation which has rendered the phrase proverbial. among men of letters, among the intelligent and worthy of the middling class of society, and among those of my own profession, i have found nothing but the warmest cordiality and kindness. so grateful, indeed, has been the welcome i have received, and so agreeably has my time passed, that it is with exceeding regret i am about to tear myself away. but, being desirous of seeing the north of europe before i return to my native land, i must take advantage of the present season to travel into russia, as i fear that the 'eager and nipping air' of the north at a later period would bite too shrewdly for me. to-night i set out with my friend wikoff for hamburg, and thence to st. petersburg and moscow.

"the present not being the season for theatricals in london, i have had but scanty opportunities of judging of the merits of the performers. i have seen liston and farren, however, both distinguished for their talents, and both deservedly admired. yet i have seen nothing to alter the opinion which you know i have long entertained, that henry placide is the best actor on the stage in his own diversified range.

"i am very often solicited to perform during my sojourn abroad, but to all such requests my answer is invariably in the negative. i tell my friends here, as i told those at home before leaving, that my object in visiting europe was not professional. thanks to my countrymen! they have obviated the necessity of my going on such a tour.

"james sheridan knowles has come back, and i was at 'old drury' when he reappeared. his reception was very warm and hearty, and after the play (the wife) he was called out, when he addressed the audience in a few words expressive of his thanks

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for their cordial greeting, and took occasion to advert, in very glowing terms, evidently prompted by sincere feeling, to the kindness he had experienced in america. he termed our country 'the bright land beyond the seas,' and our country-people 'his brothers and sisters.' his acknowledgments of gratitude were received by a full house with acclamations."

during the passage of the steamer william jolliffe from london to hamburg, forrest evidently found no little amusement in studying the peculiarities of his fellow-passengers. he writes thus, for example: "almost always when travelling in a public conveyance, if you notice, you will observe some one who tries to attract attention by standing out in relievo from the rest. actuated by such a low ambition was an overgrown, unwieldy, almost spherical lady, dubbed on the way-bill honorable, and said to be the wife of a member of parliament. this dame passée strove to ape the manners of a girl of sixteen, and occasionally, in a fit of would-be-young-again, gave her huge frame a motion on the promenade-deck that looked for all the world like the wallowing of a great sea-turtle in shallow water. she was of spanish descent, and seemed delighted to show off her mastery of this foreign tongue, to the astonishment of the wonder-wounded dutchmen, who, attracted by her bright-red mantle trimmed with ermine, and amazed at her knowledge of the strange tongue, gazed upon her with a sort of stupid reverence."

at hamburg he attended a performance of schiller's "don carlos," in the great stadt theatre. "the building is very commodious, but badly lighted by a single lustre depending from the dome. the play began at half-past six and ended at eleven, and, as it seemed to me, was but indifferently well represented. during these four and a half hours the people paid the closest attention and showed no sign of uneasiness. how an american audience would have shuffled!"

in hamburg forrest had his first experience of a russian bath. his own description of this is interesting, as the delight in baths of all kinds was a growing passion with him even to the very last.

"having reduced myself to nudity, a signal was given from an adjoining apartment, like the theatrical noises which attend the splitting of the charmed rock in the 'forty thieves.' a door now

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was opened upon the side, a blanket thrown over my shoulders, and i was told in german to go in. i obeyed. this was a small room, where the thermometer rose to about one hundred. here the blanket was taken from my shoulders, and a door beyond opened, and in stalked a naked man, who motioned me to follow him. i did so. i passed the portal, and was immediately enveloped in steam and heat up at least to a hundred and ten of fahrenheit. this chamber was of oval shape, and had on one side three or four shelves of wood, rising one above the other, on the first of which i was told to sit down. after striving to breathe here for five or six minutes, i was invited to sit upon the next, and after a certain time to the next, and so on until i reached the last, near the ceiling, where the heat must have been at least a hundred and twenty. by this time the perspiration became profuse, and poured off in torrents. the attendant now told me to descend to the third shelf; and then he commenced rubbing and whipping me with fragrant twigs. then i was rubbed with soap, then told to stand in the centre of the floor, when in a moment i was deluged with a shower of cold water, which seemed to realize to me the refreshing thought of the poison-fevered monarch who wished his kingdom's rivers might flow through his burning bosom. my probation was now nearly over,—three-quarters of an hour at least in this steaming purgatory. i returned to the first apartment, where i was laid, almost exhausted, upon a couch, and covered with at least a dozen blankets. again the perspiration broke out upon me, and a boy stood by to wipe the huge drops from my face and brow. one by one the blankets were removed, and i was rubbed dry with white towels. then i dressed myself, paid for the bath, about a dollar, and something to the boys. as i walked into the street, the atmosphere never before seemed so pure. every breath was like a delicious draught. at every step i felt returning strength, and in about a half an hour a bottle of hock and a dozen oysters made richard wholly himself again."

at st. petersburg forrest found much to interest him, especially the tomb of peter the great, the numerous relics and specimens of his handiwork so carefully preserved, and the magnificent equestrian statue by falconet, erected in his honor by catherine. while crossing a bridge that spans the neva, he one day observed

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a covered boat gliding beneath, manned by half a dozen soldiers. on inquiry, he learned that the boat contained some polish noblemen who had been condemned to slavery and chains for the crime of loving liberty and their country too well. he describes a visit to the palace of the hermitage, where there was a fine collection of paintings, among them one ascribed to jules romain,—a very curious representation of the creation of woman. "adam is asleep, like a melodramatic hero just fallen into a reverie, with his head resting on his right hand, quite in an attitude. the deity, as usual, is given as an infirm old man dressed in azure, and is pointing to the side of our primeval parent, out of which mother eve seems to slide like a thief from his hiding-place!"

moscow he found still more attractive and imposing, with its long, romantic story, and the sublime tragedy of its conflagration in the presence of the terror-struck army of napoleon. a single extract from his diary will suffice: "went to the kremlin. passed the holy gate with my hat on, unconscious of the sacred precincts until a boor of a russian grunted at my ear and with violent gestures motioned toward my head. it then struck me this must be the holy gate, through which none dare pass without being uncovered. but, as i did not like to be browbeaten into respect for their 'brazen images,' i passed on sans cérémonie and without molestation. i walked to the terrace which overlooks the gardens and the river, and looked down upon the magnificent city, with her gorgeous palaces, her innumerable cupolas and domes, dazzling amid the bright sunbeams with azure and gold. i stood by the ancient residence of the tsars, the scene of so much history; and as i glanced over the immense assemblage of stately structures spread far and wide across the vast plain below, all beaming with as much freshness as if by the voice of magic they had just been called into existence, my eyes drank in more delight than they ever had before in looking upon a city, save only when in early life, after an absence of years from my native place, i revisited my home. the spectacle which moscow presented was at the same time novel and sublime. its varied architecture was at once oriental, gothic, and classic, the delicate towering minarets of the east and the beauteous majesty of the grecian blending with the

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'tall gothic pile

whose ancient pillars rear their marble heads,

bearing aloft the arched and ponderous roof.

which by its own weight stands immovable.'

"at night, it being the anniversary of the coronation of the emperor, the gardens about the kremlin were magnificently illuminated, and crowded, perhaps, with two hundred thousand people. the walls and turrets of the kremlin were filled with lamps wrought into the most grotesque shapes and festooned with innumerable lights. so were the trees, and in the dark and luxuriant foliage of the gardens they looked

'like winged flowers or flying gems.'"

from moscow forrest journeyed to odessa, and thence through the crimea to constantinople. passing balaklava and inkerman and sevastopol, with what emotions he would have gazed about him could he but have foreseen the terrific battles that were in twenty years' time to rage there between the stubborn slavonic power on one side and the leagued array of france, england, and turkey on the other! no such premonition visiting his mind, he plodded on through the weary wastes till he reached aloupka, where the count woronzoff, general nerisken, and the prince gallitzin were resident proprietors of estates and lived in sumptuous style. the gallitzin family were intimate acquaintances of that remarkable russian lady, madame swetchine, whose conversion from the greek church to the roman, whose rare character and genius, great friendships and brilliant salon in paris, have secured for her name such high and permanent celebrity.

taking a horse and a guide, forrest started out from aloupka to explore one of the neighboring tartar villages.

"the houses are small, and generally built," he writes, "of stone, with flat roofs made of logs covered with dirt and clay, smoothed so as to form a comfortable floor to dry tobacco or grain upon. i asked permission to enter one of the huts, which was immediately granted. i found the clay floor scrupulously clean, the fire-place nicely swept, and some woollen cloths spread upon raised surfaces on the sides of the room, which seemed to serve as beds. the woman had a silver belt about her, which, when i admired it, she took off and handed to me. i put it

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around my waist. at this the children laughed. i gave them some money, and mounted my horse and rode to the village church,—or mosque, as they are mohammedans. it was an old building of wood and stone, with a ruinous wooden tower by its side, from which they cry to prayers. i entered it. no one was there. there was a small wooden gallery at one end, to which they ascend by a ladder. it was a shabby and dismal place, and i hurried out of it back to the hotel."

on the following day, with his friend wikoff, forrest dined with the count woronzoff. "at five o'clock a cannon is fired as a signal to dress for dinner. in a half an hour a second gun is fired, and the guests are seated. soon after the first gun we started for the castle. i saw there for the first time the countess sabanska. i paid my respects to her and retired to another part of the room, as she was talking with several gentlemen. she was very animated in her conversation, with particularly vivid gesticulation and expression of face. the count's tartar interpreter was playing billiards with one of the attendants. in a few minutes the count and countess entered, followed by a train of ladies and gentlemen. he introduced me to his lady, also to madame nerisken and the princess gallitzin and her daughter. i led madame nerisken to the table, and sat between her and the countess woronzoff, whom i found to be a most agreeable and interesting woman. count woronzoff sat opposite, with the princess gallitzin on one side and the countess sabanska on the other. the conversation, conducted in french, was anything but intellectual, as the growth of the prince's vines seemed the all-absorbing topic. the countess sabanska had now changed her whole manner from the extreme vivacity and gayety she first evinced, and had become silent and melancholy. her thoughts seemed to be far away. how i should have liked to read the depths of her soul and know what was moving there! after dinner some of the ladies smoked cigarettes, and others played cards."

constantinople opened to forrest a fascinating glimpse of the civilization of the east, with its ancient races of men, its strange architecture and religious rites, its poetic costumes, its impressive manners, and that glamour of mystery over all which makes oriental life seem to the western traveller such a contrast to

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everything he has been wonted to at home. he made the most of his time here in visiting the historic monuments and trying to penetrate the open secrets of moslem habits and turkish character; and he brought away with him, on his departure for greece, a crowd of mental pictures which never lost their clearness or their interest. for the history of the city of constantine has been most rich in romance; and the scene unveiled to the voyager who approaches it by daylight or by moonlight is a vision of enchantment,—a wilderness of mosques, domes, cupolas, solemn cypresses, and spouting fountains. on a beautiful day, when not a cloud was in the sky nor a ripple on the bosphorus, forrest was surveying the city and its environs from a boat in the midst of the bay, when he saw, slowly approaching, a sumptuous barge, with awnings of silk and gold, a banner with the crescent and inscriptions in arabic floating above, and a group of turbaned guards, with scimitars in their hands, half surrounding a man reclined on a purple divan. "who is that?" asked forrest of the guide. "that is the padishah," was the reply. forrest, ignorant of this title of "the shah of shahs" for the sultan of turkey, understood the guide to say, paddy shaw! and, supposing it to be some rich irishman who was cutting such a figure in the golden horn, was so struck by the absurdity that he laughed aloud. the measured strokes of the rowers, regular as a piece of solemn music, meanwhile had brought the imperial freight nearly alongside. the guards looked at the laughing tragedian as if they would have liked to chop his head off, or bowstring him and sink him in a sack. the sultan looked slowly at the audacious american, without the slightest change of expression in his sad, dark, impassive face,—and the two striking figures, so unlike, were soon out of sight of each other forever!

passing over the notes of his tour in greece, as covering matters now hackneyed from the descriptions given by hundreds of more recent travellers and published in every kind of literary form, a single extract from a letter to his mother is perhaps worthy of citation:

"from constantinople i went to smyrna, and thence into greece. here i am now, at last, in the city of athens, the glorious home not only of the drama, but also of so much else that has passed into the life of mankind. alas, how changed!

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with all the power of imagination which i can conjure up, i am hardly able to convince myself that this was the once proud city of pericles, plato, æschylus, demosthenes, and the other men whose names have sounded so grand in the mouths of posterity. looking on the tumbled temples and desolate walls, i have exclaimed with byron,—

'ancient of days! august athena, where,

where are thy men of might? thy grand in soul?

gone,—glimmering through the dream of things that were.

first in the race that led to glory's goal,—

they're sought in vain, and o'er each mouldering tower,

dim with the mist of years, gray flits the shade of power.'"

a personal adventure, also, that befell him at athens, must not be omitted. one beautiful afternoon, he had been inspecting the parthenon and what remained of its sculptured ornaments. near where he stood, a heap of skulls lay on the ground, skulls of some of the victims of the last revolution, who had fallen in a battle of the greeks and turks. his attention was drawn to the phrenological developments of several of these skulls. chancing at that moment to look down towards the temple of theseus, he saw, only a short distance from him, a man glide from behind a column and walk away. the man was clad in the costume of an albanian, one of the most picturesque costumes in the world, and looked as if he had freshly stepped out of a painting,—so beautiful was the combination of symmetry in his form, grace in his motion, and beauty in his dress. perfectly fascinated, forrest hastened forward and addressed the stranger in english, in french, in spanish; but vain was every attempt to make himself understood. just then hill, the american missionary for many years at athens, came along. forrest accosted him with the inquiry, "do you know who that man is yonder?" and, as much to his amazement as to his delight, received the answer, "why, do you not know him? that is the son of marco bozzaris!" the lines of his friend halleck,—

"and she, the mother of thy boys.

will, by her pilgrim-circled hearth,

talk of thy doom without a sigh;

for thou art freedom's now, and fame's;

one of the few, the immortal names

that were not born to die,"—

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these lines, and his own parting scene with their author in new york harbor, flashed into his mind, and he felt as if this incident alone were enough to repay him for his whole journey.

on his return once more to paris, in a letter to his friend leggett he sketches in epitome the ground he has been over. an extract follows:

"since i saw you, i have indeed been in strange lands, and seen strange sights. i have traversed the baltic and the wide dominions of the ambitious autocrat,—crossed the euxine and dipped into asia and european turkey,—'kept due onwards to the propontic and hellespont,'—wandered amid the faultless fragments of the 'bright clime of battle and of song,'—sailed by the ionian isles,—visited the chief towns of the germanic confederation,—and here i am at last, safe and sound, in the ever-gay capital of france. i thank heaven my travelling in the 'far east' is at an end. one is badly accommodated there in railroads and steamers. however, take it for all in all, i have every reason to be satisfied with the voyage, for there is no kind of information but must be purchased with some painstaking, and one day i shall fully enjoy all this in calm retrospection from the bosom of the unpruned woods of my own country. yes, the sight of the city of moscow alone would amply repay one for all risks and fatigues at sea. never shall i forget my sensations when, from the great tower of the kremlin, one bright, sunny day, i looked down upon that beautiful city. the numberless domes, beaming with azure and with gold, the checkered roofs, the terraces, the garden slopes, the mingling of all the styles and systems of architectural construction, now massive and heavy, now brilliant and light, and everywhere fresh and original, enchanted me. i am free to confess russia astonished me. i have sailed down the mighty mississippi,—i have been in the dark and silent bosom of our own forest homes,—i have been under the eye of mont blanc and olympus,—i grew familiar with rome and with london,—without experiencing the same degree of wonder which fastened upon me in russia. i thought there to have encountered with hordes of semi-barbarians, yet i found a people raised, as it were, at once from a state of nature to our level of civilization. nor have they apparently, in their rapid onward course, neglected the means to render their progress sure. and then,

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what an army,—a million of men! and the best forms of men,—the best disciplined, and able to endure the 'labored battle sweat' by their constant activity, the rigor of their climate, and their ignorance of all pleasures which serve to effeminate. the navy, too, though in an imperfect state compared with the army (in sailors, not ships), will doubtless soon hold a distinguished rank. only think of such a power, increasing every day,—stretching out wider and wider, and all confessing one duty,—obedience to the will of the absolute sovereign!"

about this time two significant entries are found in his diary. the first one is: "received intelligence of the death of edwin forrest goodman, the infant son of a friend.

'all his innocent thoughts

like rose-leaves scattered.'"

the second is this: "and so jane placide is dead. the theatrical people of new orleans then have lost much. she imparted a grace and a force and dignity to her rôle which few actresses have been able so admirably to combine. she excelled in a profession in the arduous sphere of which even to succeed requires uncommon gifts, both mental and physical. her disposition was as lovely as her person. heaven lodge and rest her fair soul!"

the reader will recollect miss placide as the friend about whom young forrest quarrelled with caldwell and withdrew from his service. how strangely the millions of influences or spirits that weave our fate fly to and fro with the threads of the weft and woof! while he was writing the above words in the capital of france, her remains were sleeping in a quiet cemetery of the far south, on the other side of the world, with the inscription on the slab above her,—

"there's not an hour

of day or dreamy night but i am with thee;

there's not a wind but whispers o'er thy name,

and not a flower that sleeps beneath the moon

but in its hues of fragrance tells a tale

of thee."

he passed over to england again, to visit a few spots sacred in his imagination which he had not seen in his former journey there. chief among these were the house and grave of shakspeare, at stratford-upon-avon. with the eagerness and devotion arising

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from the lifelong enthusiasm of all his professional studies and experience, reinforced by the feeling of the accumulated homage paid at that shrine by mankind at large, he wandered and mused in the places once so familiar with the living presence of the poet, and still seeming to be suffused with his invisible presence. in the day he had made a careful exploration of the church where the unapproachable dramatist lies sepulchred. late in the evening, when the moon was riding half-way up the heaven, he clambered over the fence, and, while the gentle current of avon was lapping the sedges on its shore almost at his feet, gazed in at the window and saw the moonbeams silvering the bust of the dead master on the wall, and the carved letters of the quaint and dread inscription on his tomb,—

"good friend, for jesus' sake forbear

to dig the dust encloséd here.

blessed be he who spares these stones,

and cursed be he who moves my bones."

what a contrast the picture of him in this night-scene at the church-window would have made for those familiar with his appearance on the stage in the wrath of coriolanus, the remorse of macbeth, the sneer of richard, the horror of othello, or the tempest of lear!

it now lacked but a few days of being two years since forrest left america, and he began to feel powerfully drawn homewards. it had been a period of unalloyed satisfaction, and he had much improved in many ways, from his intercourse with different forms and classes of society, from his contemplation of natural scenery in many lands, from his study of the masterpieces of art, from his criticism of the performances of the distinguished actors and actresses whom he saw, and from his reading of many valuable books, including, among lighter volumes, such works as those of locke and spinoza. in this long tour and deliberate tarry abroad, wisely chosen in his early manhood, before his nature had hardened in routine, with plenty of money, leisure, health, freedom, and aspiration, he had drunk his fill of joy. his brain and spine and ganglia saturated with an amorous drench of elemental force, drunk with every kind of potency, he swayed on his centres in revelling fulness of life. he had been in these two exempted years like hercules in olympus, with abundance of ambrosia

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and nectar and hebe on his knee. but now his heart cried out for home, and the sense of duty urged him to gird up his loins for work again. something of his feeling may be guessed from the fact that he had copied into his journal these lines of byron:

"what singular emotions fill

their bosoms who have been induced to roam,

with fluttering doubts if all be well or ill,

with love for many and with tears for some;

all feelings which o'erleap the years long lost,

and bring our hearts back to the starting-post."

he took passage in the poland, and, with no notable adventure on the voyage, arrived at new york on the 5th of august, 1836, to be received with cheers into the open arms of a crowd of his friends as he stepped ashore, prouder than ever of his birthright of american citizenship.