the farms of the up-country as a rule required few hands, and so each farmer owned only a few negroes, and, of course, the relations between master and slave were different from those in the low-country, where each plantation had a hundred or more negroes, which necessitated separate villages, where the negroes lived more or less to themselves. in the up-country it was more like one large family. in my mother’s home there were three quite remarkable, tall, fine-looking, and very intelligent africans who had been bought by her grandfather from the ship which brought them to this country. tom, prince, and maria—they occupied an important place in my mother’s recollections of her early childhood. they had been of a royal family in their own land, and had been taken in battle by an enemy tribe with which they were at war, and sold to a slave-ship. no one ever doubted their claim to royal blood, for they were so superior to the ordinary africans brought out. they were{54} skilled in the arts of their own country, and had artistic tastes and clever hands. daddy tom and daddy prince told tales of their wild forests, which the children were never tired of hearing nor they of telling. maum maria made wonderful baskets and wove beautiful rugs from the rushes that grew along long cane creek. one day as she sat on the ground weaving a rug which she had hung from a tree, and my mother was listening to her stories of her home in africa, the little girl said in a voice of sympathy: “maum ’ria, you must be dreadfully sorry they took you away from all that, and brought you to a strange land to work for other people.” maum maria stopped her work, rose to her full height—she was very tall and straight—clasped her hands and said, dropping a deep courtesy as she spoke: “my chile, ebery night on my knees i tank my hebenly father that he brought me here, for without that i wud neber hev known my saviour!” she remained, hands clasped, and a look of ecstasy on her face, for some time before she sat down and resumed her work, and the little girl, greatly impressed, asked no more questions that day. when grandmother died, she left these three free, with a little sum to be given them{55} yearly; not much, for she had little to leave. daddy tom took his freedom, but daddy prince and maum maria said they were grateful to their beloved mistress, but they would rather remain just as they were; they had all they needed and were happy and loved their white family, and they did not want to make any change.

my grandfather pettigrew, with all his charming qualities of wit and good humor, had no power to make or keep money. and among the few sad memories my mother had of her childhood was that of seeing her beloved little mother sitting at the window looking out, while tears coursed down her cheeks, as she saw the sheriff taking off all their cattle, and two families of their negroes to be sold!... her husband having gone security for a worthless neighbor. my mother told it with tears, even when she was very old, the scene seemed to come so vividly before her of her mother’s silent grief.

it is curious to me that my paternal grandfather, ben allston, also lost his plantation for a security debt, having signed a paper when he was under age for a cousin who was in trouble pecuniarily. grandfather was advised by a lawyer to contest the matter, as he had been a minor{56} and it was not valid, but he would not avail himself of that plea, i am thankful to say, and lost the beautiful and valuable plantation which he had inherited, brook green on the waccamaw. that is the only point of similarity between my two grandfathers, however, as they were totally different types, one scotch-irish, the other pure english.

the little frenchwoman, so beloved by her children, did not live to show any sign of age, and the memory remained with my mother of her beauty, her olive skin and black hair, in which no strands of white appeared, and her graceful, small, active figure and tiny hands and feet. she always spoke broken english, but, as her husband did not speak or understand french, she never spoke it with her children through courtesy to him, and none of them spoke french. her illness was short and the family had no idea it was to be fatal, but evidently she recognized it, for she called my mother and kissed her, and said: “my child, i want to tell you that you have been my greatest comfort. i want you to remember that always.”