itineraries.—outlines of franc-comtois history. notes on the geology of the jura.

for the benefit of pedestrians, and these will most enjoy the country i have described, i adjoin some itineraries, more detailed than i was enabled to make my own. hardy travellers will be well satisfied, in most instances, with the wayside inns they will find, and one advantage of travelling in franche-comté—at least, up to the present time—is its inexpensiveness. the chief outlay is in carriage hire, and those who can endure the diligence, or, better still, can accomplish most of their journeys on foot, where the railway is not available, will not only see the country to the best advantage, but at a very trifling cost. the excursions, or rather group of excursions, here mentioned, are such as may be accomplished in a few days from the town given as a starting point.

i. besan?on to alaise and the valley of nans. departure by way of the route de beure. the river loue is crossed at cléron. from amancey ascend the plateau above coulans, where a view is obtained of the oppidum of alaise (supposed by some authorities to be the alesia of julius caesar). descend to the mill of chiprey, follow the right bank of the lison to nans. at nans, visit the grotte sarrazine, the source of the lison, and the pont du diable. ascend the fortress of st. agne for the sake of the panorama; ancient dwellings of the gauls to be seen at chatillon, also tombs at fouré, see also the cascade of the gour de couche, the col de la langutine, descend by way of the taudeur to the plain of myon, bounding the western side of the alesia, i.e., the alesia of some authorities.

ii. luxeuil (luxovium) in haute sa?ne. celebrated from the ancient times for its ferruginous springs. here visit the roman remains, mediaeval houses, the town for the sake of the view. make excursions into the valleys of the vosges.

iii. vesoul and gray, departure from besan?on by way of the charming valley of ognon. see the chateau de la roche, turned into a school of agriculture, the sculptures in vesoul church, its old streets, and pretty gardens. visit the port sur sa?ne (portus abucinus). at gray visit the h?tel de ville, the house of simon d'ancier, ma?tre-d'h?tel of the connétable de bourbon. visit the abbey of pesmes which contains some fine renaissance work, the ancient abbey of acey, the chateau de balan?on, marnay, ancient domain of the joinvilles, ruffey—roman city destroyed by the vandals.

iv. from besan?on to pontanier (abiolica)—a beautiful bit of railway. the doubs is crossed twice, when views are obtained of arguel and montferrand, and the modern chateaux of torpes and thoraise. the loue is crossed at mouchard; fine view of the ruins of vaugrenant. after leaving mouchard, the traveller enjoys a succession of vast prospects of the vineyard region of the jura—aiglepierre, marnoz, arbois, &c. after the vines, come the pinewoods and the splendid forest of joux. after the pinewoods generally come the peat-fields, or tourbières, of chaux d'arlier, traversed by two rivers which here meet, the doubs and the drugeon. lastly, pontarlier is reached, eight hundred and seventy yards above the level of the sea, anciently a confederation of nineteen villages, called la baroichage.

v. from besan?on to d?le. four routes are here open to the traveller; 1st. the roman road leading formerly from vesontio to cabillorum; 2nd. the route de paris; 3rd. the railway—dijon line; 4th. the canal, from the rh?ne to the rhine. all these ways of communication follow the valley of the doubs. the great forges of fraisans, and the roman station of crusinia, are to be seen on the way. to the right of this is a huge mass of granite in the midst of the jurassic formation. d?le is the second city in franche-comté, and houses are to be seen there. the public library is also worth a visit.

vi. the fortress of joux and the swiss routes. two fortresses protect the swiss frontiers, joux and larmont. the former merits a visit. the cells are seen in which toussaint l'ouverture, mirabeau, the poet kleist, and other illustrious prisoners were confined. in the neighbourhood of joux are high mountain peaks from which magnificent views are to be had. many interesting excursions to be made in this neighbourhood.

vii. the falls of the doubs, morteau, and montbeno?t. start from morteau, visit the falls and lakes, also the cols de roches. proceed to montbeno?t by the river doubs. see the splendid rock at entreroches. the church of montbeno?t is one of the historic monuments of france; here are to be seen statuettes and sculptures in wood, the work of florentine artists in the sixteenth century, employed by the abbé carondelet, friend of raphael and erasmus.

viii. baume-les-dames. by rail and road from besan?on or montbéliard, passing the picturesque valley of the doubs, rich in charming landscape and historic associations. ruins of the chateaux of montfaucon and vaite, to be seen on the way. at baume-les-daines, visit the ancient abbey church, now turned into a public granary, also the valley of the cuisancin, last, the glacière de la grace-dieu, a natural phenomenon of great beauty and interest.

ix. from andelot to orgelet. the railway takes you to champagnole. from thence take a carriage to the source of the ain, and les planches, visiting by the way the church of sirod. drive also to nozeroy and the valley of miége, and visit the parish church, which is full of statuettes. thence proceed to st. laurent by way of the fall of the lemme, the lake of bonlieu, and the ruins of the chartreuse. from morez ascend the fortress of the rousses, and follow the road to d?le, by the valley des dappes; splendid views of switzerland. from st. claude is a public conveyance to orgelet, roman ruins (ville d'antres) to be seen on the way, also the chartreuse of vaucleuse, and the chateau of the tour-de-meix. railway at orgelet.