a day's delay was occasioned by a snow-storm, but the second morning opened bright, and the indians early departed on their errand. the bradfords started soon afterward, crossing a bay of the lake and making for the western shore at a point near the southern base of the mountains. a valley, mostly wooded and several miles in width, extended straight back in that direction; and after following it about six miles, uncle will, who had previously questioned lucky as to the route, turned to the right toward a deep gap which now came into view. this was the gorge of the kah sha river,—a stream named after the old chief of the stiks.
they had made fairly rapid progress, having brought but one sled with food for two days, tents, blankets, cooking outfit, two axes, and a gold-pan. it was necessary, however, to wear snow-shoes the entire distance. this in itself was fatiguing, and rests were frequent.
near the mouth of the gorge they came out of the woods into a wide, clear space, which, later in the season, when the snow was gone, they found to be due to an[128] immense deposit of stones and gravel thrown out by the stream through many generations. this open tract led them directly to the gorge, and presently they passed in between high bluffs of sand and gravel, which soon gave way in places to abrupt cliffs of dark, slaty rock several hundred feet in height. the river could be heard dashing impatiently over its stony bed under huge banks of snow, which had drifted in upon it to so great a depth that the water could seldom be seen. it was a wild and wonderful canyon such as the boys had never dreamed of, and they felt the spirit of adventure rise within them as they realized that this was a land of gold. who could tell what treasures lay at last beneath their feet? they could hardly refrain from scrutinizing every rock for the gleam of yellow metal. they gazed long and earnestly at the bare patches of sand on the slopes, till at length they were obliged to confess that it looked quite like the barren sand of new england.
their elders only smiled on perceiving their enthusiasm, warning them, however, not to go close to the cliffs; and hardly had the word been spoken when, as if to emphasize the warning, a mass of crumbling rock fell with a roar just behind them.
two or three miles of this kind of travelling brought them to al king's tent, which stood to the left of the stream on a small level plot. on the opposite side a rocky wall rose straight from the water's edge a hundred[129] feet and cut off all view, so that it seemed to the boys a rather dreary spot. yet here, as they presently learned, one lone man had passed the entire winter, with no better shelter than a tent.
this man was the recorder of the district, tom moore by name, a grizzled veteran of many a hard campaign of mining and prospecting. his tent was near that of al king. on a tree before it had been nailed a slab from a box, bearing the inscription, "recorder, last chance mining district, t. moore."
the bradfords received a hearty welcome from al king and the recorder, the latter, by reason of his long exile, taking especial delight in the sight of new faces. king's fine dog "bess" was even more demonstrative in her welcome than the two men, and bounded from one to another of the little group, licking their hands and receiving their caresses.
in company with moore and king, who volunteered to guide them, they passed the mouth of shorty creek,—so named from the indian who discovered gold there,—a small brook flowing in from the left. neither of the guides thought it worth while to stop there, for the best claims were already taken. they believed that alder creek, a larger tributary above on the same side, now offered the better chance, and the bradfords were quite willing to take their advice, since there appeared no motive for deception. up alder creek they accordingly[130] went, through a valley wider and less rugged than the kah sha gorge and leading toward a shapely mountain about two miles away, where the valley divided, that to the right being known as union gulch.
here they found a discovery claim, located the previous year by the miner who first found gold on that creek. by right of discovery he had claimed five hundred feet of the valley, or twice the length of an ordinary claim, and naturally he had chosen what he believed to be the most promising spot. the stake which marked the upper end of his claim was the stump of a poplar tree which had been cut off about five feet from the ground. it stood on the bank of alder creek just above its junction with union gulch. for a foot below the top it had been squared with an axe, and on the smooth white wood was written in pencil, "discovery claim, five hundred feet, down stream. j. barry, september 4, 1897." there was also a stake which marked the lower end of the claim.
uncle will looked the ground over carefully. below union gulch was a level expanse of gravel ten feet higher than the stream and covered with snow except along the edge of the bank. this gravel rested upon solid rock at about the level of the water. he took the gold-pan and set out, with mr. bradford, the recorder, and king, on a tour of investigation, bidding the boys cut stakes similar to those on the discovery claim. david and roly would have preferred to go with their elders, but being accustomed to obey orders without question they set off at once on the less romantic quest for straight young poplars. occasionally, however, they paused to watch the gold-seekers down the valley.
"presently some little yellow specks were uncovered"
[131]
the stakes having been cut and trimmed, the boys brought them all down to the discovery claim. they were four in number, sufficient for three adjoining claims.
"what luck, uncle will?" shouted roly, as they ran to join the others.
"plenty of colors," answered that gentleman, smiling. "i've no doubt i could get more if i had brought a shovel. the gravel is frozen so hard that i can't scrape much together."
"what are colors?" asked david.
"colors," explained his uncle, "are little thin flakes of gold, as distinguished from heavier pieces called grains or nuggets. look in the pan here, and you'll see what colors are."
in the bottom of the pan lay a small quantity of dark sand, which uncle will told them was called "black sand" and consisted mainly of iron. dipping up a little water, he allowed it to wash back and forth over the black sand, and presently some little yellow specks were uncovered. these were the colors[132] of gold, which, being relatively heavier than even the iron, had sifted down to the very bottom.
"hurrah!" cried roly, joyfully, as he caught sight of them, adding with more force than elegance, "that's the stuff!"
david, maturer and less boisterous, was not a whit less pleased. he expressed a desire to see how the panning was done.
uncle will accordingly drew on his rubber gloves to protect his hands from the icy water, rinsed out the pan, and with some difficulty scraped together with the head of an axe a panful of dirt and gravel from the bank as near bed-rock as possible, explaining that the most gold was found as a rule at the lowest possible point. he carried the gravel to the edge of the stream, where he allowed the water to flow in, not too swiftly, upon it. he now rinsed off and threw out the larger stones, after which he took the pan in both hands and shook it vigorously for a few seconds with a circular motion, finally letting the water flow rapidly out, carrying with it some lighter portions of earth and gravel. then with his hands he pushed out of the pan the upper part of its contents to the depth of about half an inch.
roly was alarmed at once. "look out, uncle," said he. "you'll lose some of the gold, won't you?"
"not a bit," said uncle will, complacently. "when i shook the pan the gold went down, aided by the[133] water. there isn't a single color in the top of this gravel now."
so saying, he shook the pan again as before, and pushed off a little more of the contents, and sometimes he allowed the water to flow in and out several times, carrying with it on each occasion the lighter particles. in this way the amount of gravel was gradually reduced, and in less than ten minutes there remained apparently only a quantity of black sand and a few pebbles. the latter, uncle will deftly removed with his thumb. then he proceeded to reduce the amount of black sand, using greater caution than before, and letting the water flow very gently in and out.
presently a yellow speck was uncovered, then another and another, to the great delight of the boys; and, best of all, a little nugget of the size of buckshot made its appearance, which uncle will said might be worth fifteen cents.
all this was highly encouraging, for the bradfords had not counted on a gold district here when the expedition was planned. it only remained to set up the stakes and write the names and dates thereon. as the discovery claim included only the upper end of the bank where the nugget was found, uncle will took two hundred and fifty feet next below, followed by mr. bradford and david in turn. roly, as we have said, was under eighteen, and had no license.
[134]
"there," said uncle will, when all was finished and the stakes firmly braced with stones, "i believe we've taken the cream of the creek. the thirty-six will probably stake the six claims next below, then they will have to leave the next ten for the canadian government and begin again below that, and so on. there's no telling what would have been left for us if we hadn't come first."
"that's so," said tom moore, with a grin. "i guess ye'd 'a' ben up on the glacier or down in dasar-dee-ash lake."
the party camped that night near the tents of king and the recorder, the latter entering the claims in due form and collecting ten dollars per claim, according to law.
