go to fort supply—start back to green river and meet o. p. rockwell at fort bridger—he brings me a trader's license, also goods to trade to the indians—being late in the season, we store the goods, and go to salt lake city—receive the approval of governor young—move to ogden—accompany governor young as interpreter—my horse stolen—called on a mission to the shoshones—on going to salt lake city, i am released—ordered to take part in disarming indians at ogden—a difficult job—chase to mound fort—hand-to-hand struggle with a powerful savage—indians disarmed, but sullen—chief's brother offers all his possessions for his gun—precautions taken to feed the indians that winter—teach the indian language in school—prosper in business.
on july 9, i started for fort supply, arriving there on the 11th, where i found all well. on the 14th i began a journey back to green river, but met porter rockwell at fort bridger. he had a license from governor brigham young for me to trade with the indians; also some two or three thousand dollars' worth of indian goods for me to market. at that time there was no opportunity to trade, as the indians had disposed of their robes, pelts and furs for the season, so we sent the goods to fort supply and had them stored there.
i accompanied rockwell to salt lake city, arriving there on july 19. we reported conditions to the governor, who received us very kindly, and approved of what we had done. on august 15 i went to ogden city and on the 28th accompanied governor young, as interpreter, to chief catalos' camp of shoshones, four miles north of ogden. this large camp of indians had some grievances to settle, and particularly desired to ask favors and get a better understanding with the white men through their big chief. the indians claimed that they were friendly to the whites, and wanted the latter to be friendly to them; they also wished to have trade brought to them. the governor gave them a liberal present of assorted indian goods, talked friendship, and told them he would leave other goods with me to trade. he also advised them to be good people, and to live at peace with all men, for we had the same great father. governor young told them it would be good for them to settle down like the white man, and learn of him how to cultivate the land as he did, so that when the game was all gone they could live and have something to eat and to feed their families on. the indians said this was "heap good talk," and their hearts felt good; so we parted with them in the best of feelings, notwithstanding that some of their bad indians had stolen my only horse from where i had picketed him on the bottoms. i did not learn the facts in the case in time to get redress, and all the consolation i could obtain was that the thief did not know it was my animal—"heap no good indian steal your horse."
i returned to ogden city, and there continued to trade with the indians as they came, until october 10, on which date i received a letter from elder orson hyde, stating that governor young wished me to go on a mission among the shoshones that winter. i answered the call, but when i got to salt lake city, on the way, it had been learned that the indians had gone out so far into the buffalo country that it was not advisable for me to follow them; so i returned to ogden and continued to visit and trade with the indians, and got up my winter's wood.
on november 20 wm. hickman, l. b. ryan and d. huntington came up from salt lake city with an order to major moore and the citizens of weber county to disarm chief little soldier and his band of indians, and distribute them among the families in weber county where the people were best able to feed and clothe them for the winter, and set them to work; for they had become very troublesome to the citizens of that county, by killing cattle, burning fences, and intimidating isolated families. on the 30th the major called on me to go with his party to the indian camp at west weber. i did so, and with considerable talking we got the indians to accompany us to ogden city. still, they felt very warlike and stubborn, being unwilling to give up their arms.
in the midst of the parley, the three men from salt lake city returned to that place, and the indians were allowed to go with their arms across the ogden river and camp among the willows near mound fort. on december 1st we went after them, finding them so hostile that we had to make a show of arms before they would submit to our proposition of distributing them among the whites, but when we brought a squad of armed men they very reluctantly and sullenly complied, so we marched them back to ogden city, to a location on main street, near where the old tithing office stood. almost every man that had side arms was called to mingle among the indians, so that each man could command a warrior by disarming him by force if he refused to surrender his arms at the command of the major, which command i was required to repeat in the indian dialect. at the word, each man was to take hold of an indian's gun, and i was to tell the aborigines to surrender; but there was not a man who obeyed the order, for what reason i do not know. i then went through the crowd of indians and took every weapon with my own hands. the white men took them from me, and they were stored in the tithing office, a guard being placed over them.
just then a young indian was observed on horseback, going northward as fast as his horse could carry him. some one said, "there goes that indian boy to warn a camp over by bingham fort!" major moore had one of the fastest animals in the county; he ordered me to "take her and beat the boy into camp, or run her to death. don't spare horseflesh. call out the citizens and disarm every indian you find."
i obeyed the order, and found a small party of indians camped in the center of what was called bingham fort. just as the indian boy reached the camp, i entered the east gate of the square, and rode to the west gate, shouting to the people, "to arms! to arms! turn out, every man, and help to disarm the indians!" men turned out quickly and surrounded the camp. i succeeded in reaching the west gate just in time to wheel and grab a big ute's gun as he was trying to pass me. he held to it firmly, and both struggled with a death-like grip. we looked each other squarely in the eyes, with a determined expression. at last his eyes dropped, and his gun was in my possession. he was full of wrath and a desire for vengeance. i found him to be one of the strongest men i had ever grappled with anywhere.
i next turned to the camp and disarmed all the indians in it, placed their weapons under guard and sent them to ogden, then vainly tried to talk the red men into reconciliation. i next returned to ogden, and there found the whites and indians on the streets, the latter as discontented as ever. the major and i tried to pacify them, but they were very stubborn and sullen. at last the chief's brother said, "here are my wife, my children, my horses and everything that i have. take it all and keep it, only give me back my gun and let me go free. i will cast all the rest away. there is my child," pointing to a little three-year-old, "take it." the little innocent held up its hands and cried for the father to take it, but he frowned and looked at it as with a feeling of disgust, saying, "go away. you are not mine, for i have thrown you away, and will not have you any more."
this spirit was but a reflex of that which animated the whole band; "for," said they, "we are only squaws now. we cannot hunt or defend our families. we are not anybody now." but finally, though very sullenly, they went home with the whites and pitched their tents in the back yards. to us it did seem hard to have them feel so bad, but they had no means of support for the winter, the citizens could not afford to have their stock killed off and their fences burned, and it was the better policy to feed the indians and have them under control. they could husk corn, chop wood, help do chores, and be more comfortable than if left to roam; but for all that, they were deprived of that broad liberty to which they and their fathers before them had been accustomed, therefore they felt it most keenly. as i was the only white man who could talk much with them, i was kept pretty busy laboring with them.
in the evening of december 3rd the indians had a letter from governor young. i read and interpreted it to them. then for the first time they seemed reconciled to their situation. their chief was filled with the spirit of approval of the course that had been taken with them, and he preached it long and strong. after that, the indians and the citizens got along very well together, and i continued teaching and preaching to the former.
december 5th i took up school and taught the indian language, or rather the shoshone dialect. i had about thirty male adults attending. brother george w. hill, who afterwards became the noted shoshone interpreter in weber county, was one of them.
i was very much prospered that winter, purchased a city lot and quarter of another on main street, fenced the lot, closed my trading with the indians, and settled with d. h. wells for the goods i had had.
