the religious war.
miserable indeed appeared the chance of conversion; and after a fierce struggle of thirty years, there remained not one priest of the romish faith to administer the sacraments to the numerous european settlers and descendants in the country. even the jesuits themselves lost heart for the time; but the zeal of philip the second stirred the dying embers, and fresh candidates for strife, honour, and martyrdom, were soon in the field.
peter pero pays and antonio de montzerado, disguised as armenian merchants, first attempted the perilous undertaking; but being wrecked upon the arabian coast, they were recognised as christian ministers, and languished during seven years in a moslem dungeon.
goa next poured forth her priests to the ineffectual contest. in seeking the promised land, abraham de georgis was discovered in turkish garb on the island of massowah, and the governor swore by the holy prophet, that, since the káfir had donned the attire of the true believer, he should also adopt the tenets of the true faith, or die the death of a dog. but the jesuit clung to his creed, and suffered accordingly; and, shortly afterwards, jean baptiste being detected in assumed costume, by the turks of comera, he also shared the same fate as his immediate predecessor, in the thorny path of martyrdom.
thus even the road itself seemed to close, and all intercourse was denied with a country wherein the presence of europeans was neither desired nor permitted; and which would have been suffered to remain unmolested, had not exaggerated ideas of its wealth still pervaded the imagination of all classes throughout the western world.
don alexis de menezez, the zealous archbishop of goa, who had already with fire and sword propagated christianity throughout malabar, now entered the lists, and his sagacious and discerning mind selected the vicar of saint anne as a fit tool for the execution of his project. melchior sylva, a converted brahmin, might, from his colour and language, pass through the turkish wicket. his zeal was great as that of his superior, and the valuable presents whereof he was made the bearer, might prove a bait sufficiently tempting to lure the simple abyssinian into a fresh connexion.
the intelligence of his safe arrival, and of the gracious reception of the presents, again roused the ardent spirit of the order of jesus; and peter pays was quickly ransomed from the arabs, and despatched with a full train of priests to ethiopia, where he arrived in september of the year 1603.
superior in every respect to his predecessors, this missionary, instead of attempting to carry his measures by force and overbearing insolence, sought the softer path of insinuation; and whilst his extensive knowledge and plausible address proved strong recommendations in his favour, many circumstances also conspired to forward his views. the country was in a most unsettled state, and the assistance of a few portuguese troops could turn the scale of war. the condition of the church was low and miserable. eighty years of incessant strife and distraction had crushed the very name of learning and literature. few persons were to be found who could read, write, or dispute. ignorant and unworthy men filled every sacred office; and the ancient defenders of the alexandrian faith had been swept away on the battlefield.
amidst wars, and rumours of wars, peter quietly settled with his followers at maiguagua. schools were opened, and the wonder ran through the land, that youths of tender age could refute the most learned sages of the wilderness of walkayet. the curiosity of za dengel, the temporary occupant of the throne, was excited, and peter, with his erudite pupils, was summoned to the court.
prompted by the hope of obtaining assistance from portugal, this weak prince, under an oath of secrecy, immediately embraced the religion of his guest. but his time was fully occupied in the more worldly object of strengthening himself upon a throne to which he had been elevated by his evil genius; and the falling away from the faith of his forefathers being at length whispered abroad, a rebellion was the consequence.
the approaching storm having been perceived by the monk, he withdrew from court before the burst of a revolution, which for some time crushed his every hope of success. the emperor was slain. new aspirants strove for the ascendency; and war reigned for a season throughout the entire land.
confident in the near approach of portuguese troops, which had been requested when sylva carried to india the tidings of the first conversion, peter now resolved upon the bold game of espousing the weaker party, and thus gaining a firmer hold in event of success. the expected reinforcements did not, however, arrive in time; and the defeat and death of his protégé was followed by the advancement of the pretender susneus to the throne of the empire.
notwithstanding his appearance as a declared partisan in the opposing ranks, peter’s abilities as an architect now created a fresh diversion in his favour. the novel idea of a two-storied edifice engrossed the thoughts of the reigning king; and men flocked from the remotest parts of the country to gaze upon a fabric of stone, which was considered to be one of the wonders of the world. a missionary possessing the varied abilities and acquirements of pays could not be long in gaining ascendency over a rude and illiterate monarch; and by address and perseverance he had soon effected that which the threats and violence of his predecessors had vainly attempted during a long course of years.
ras sela christos, brother to the emperor, was the first-fruit of the harvest. partaking of the holy supper with the latins, he publicly embraced their religion, and many chiefs and nobles followed his illustrious example. crowded assemblies were held, in which the eloquence of the jesuits entirely bore down the feeble efforts of the ignorant and uncultivated natives. the holiness of life which was strictly preserved among the neophytes and proselytes of the catholics, added to the impression entertained of their wisdom; and the introduction of useful arts, raised the glory of the fathers still higher in the land; and the prospect of the aid of disciplined soldiers from the west overturned the last remaining scruple in the mind of the monarch.
an edict was published interdicting all persons from holding office who were not well inclined towards the latin religion; and severe punishments were threatened for the promulgation of ancient doctrines. assistance was solicited from rome and lisbon; and the work of european persecution favourably commenced, by scourging with whips all those stubborn monks who refused to forego their ancient belief.
abba simeon, the abuna, repaired to the court to remonstrate with the emperor on the scandalous interference with his prerogatives in convening meetings and authorising debates upon ecclesiastical matters; but his pride was timely soothed by the royal assurance that all had been undertaken for the benefit of true religion, and that the subject should be fully discussed in his own presence. again the subtilties and dialectics of the missionaries prevailed; and the total defeat of the patriarch and his clergy was followed by a second more severe ordinance, awarding the penalty of death to all who should henceforth deny the two natures of christ.
wonderful was the sensation created by this severe edict, so diametrically at variance with the mild spirit of religion, and with all the ancient usages of the land. aware of the feelings of the strong party at court, as well as of the entire body of the people, the abuna placarded on the doors of the chapels an excommunication of all who should accept the religion of the franks; and the monarch, irritated by this resistance, published a manifesto, “that his subjects should forthwith embrace the catholic faith.”
this served as the signal-trumpet for the fight. all classes armed themselves in defence of their religion; and aelius, the king’s son-in-law, placed himself at the head of the malcontents in tigré.
not yet thoroughly prepared for the struggle, the emperor found it convenient for a time to temporise, and requested one further debate, which was to prove final between the disputants. the mild abuna listened to the proposal, and accompanied by a large train of monks appeared in the royal camp, whilst the jesuit and his colleagues advanced into the arena from the opposite side. the controversy was renewed, and raged fiercely for six days; but disputes in religion are seldom adjusted by the reasoning of the doctors, and the parties withdrew mutually incensed against each other.
one further effort was made to restore the disturbed harmony. the empress hamilmála, and many of the courtiers, with tears implored the king to desist from his undertaking; and the patriarch and the clergy, throwing themselves prostrate on the earth, embraced his knees, and entreated him to turn a deaf ear to the poisonous insinuations of the deceitful jesuits, and graciously to allow his subjects to remain faithful to the religion of their forefathers. but the heart of the monarch remained closed to the prayer. the abuna quitted the court, plunged in the deepest distress, and a bloody war ensued, which shook the empire to its foundation.
when aelius fully understood the last resolution taken by his father-in-law, to defend the catholics and their religion, he publicly appealed to the people of tigré, and proclaimed that all who were disposed to embrace the jesuitical faith might repair to the deluded emperor, whilst those who held to the ancient belief should forthwith gather under his standard. finding himself shortly afterwards at the head of a large army, he marched towards the royal camp, resolved to establish the received doctrine of the land, or to perish in the attempt.
abba simeon, who had attained the venerable age of one hundred years, joined the army of the defenders of the alexandrian faith; and in giving them his patriarchal blessing, assured the soldiery that all who should fall in the combat died the death of the martyr, and would receive the reward in heaven. the desired effect was produced, and the hearts of the entire force burned with one eager zeal to meet the accursed enemies of their religion.
on the appearance of the inflamed force a reconciliation was attempted, and the daughter of the emperor was made the bearer of terms to her rebel lord. her tears and entreaties were, however, totally disregarded. the impetuous youth prepared for instant attack; and the princess had barely time to regain her father’s tent, when hostilities were commenced.
the soldiers of the viceroy rushed furiously upon the royal encampment, and aelius succeeded in forcing his way, at the head of a small body of troops, to the very pavilion of his father-in-law. but he was here struck from his horse by a stone, and stabbed upon the ground. a panic seized the army of the fallen leader, and the rabble, casting away their arms, fled in all directions.
the aged abuna found himself alone and deserted in the same spot which he had occupied during the attack. his years and high clerical bearing disarmed the violence of the abyssinian soldiery; but a portuguese partisan at length threw himself upon the patriarch, and, regardless of his white and venerable hairs, transfixed him with a spear. a frightful massacre ensued; and the heads of the principal leaders of the unsuccessful rebellion were exposed on the gates of the capital as a bloody warning to the seditious.
