early the next morning, while yet the dawn was waiting for the sun, odysseus arose and hastened to make ready for his journey. the little galley which was to carry him across the sea had been already launched, and was floating close to the shore; and the oarsmen stood upon the beach impatient to begin the voyage. the sea-stores, and the little chest in which the lad's wardrobe lay, were brought on board and placed beneath the rowers' benches. the old men of ithaca, and the boys and the maidens, hurried down to the shore, that they might bid the voyagers god-speed. odysseus, when all was ready, spoke a few last kind words to his mother and sage laertes, and then with a swelling heart went up the vessel's side, and sat down in the stern. and phemius the bard, holding his sweet-toned harp, followed him, and took his place in the prow. then the sailors loosed the moorings, and went on board, and, sitting on the rowers' benches, wielded the long oars; and the little vessel, driven by their well-timed strokes, turned slowly about, and then glided smoothly across the bay; and the eyes of all on shore were wet with tears as they prayed the rulers of the air and the sea that the voyagers might reach their wished-for port in safety, and in due time come back unharmed to ithaca.
no sooner had the vessel reached the open sea, than pallas athené sent after it a gentle west wind to urge it on its way. as the soft breeze, laden with the perfumes of blossoming orchards, stirred the water into rippling waves, phemius bade the rowers lay aside their oars, and hoist the sail. they heeded his behest, and lifting high the slender mast, they bound it in its place; then they stretched aloft the broad white sail, and the west wind caught and filled it, and drove the little bark cheerily over the waves. and the grateful crew sat down upon the benches, and with odysseus and phemius the bard, they joined in offering heartfelt thanks to pallas athené, who had so kindly prospered them. and by and by phemius played soft melodies on his harp, such as the sea-nymphs liked to hear. and all that summer day the breezes whispered in the rigging, and the white waves danced in the vessel's wake, and the voyagers sped happily on their way.
in the afternoon, when they had begun somewhat to tire of the voyage, phemius asked odysseus what they should do to lighten the passing hours.
"tell us some story of the olden time," said odysseus. and the bard, who was never better pleased than when recounting some wonderful tale, sat down in the midships, where the oarsmen could readily hear him, and told the strange story of phaethon, the rash son of helios hyperion.
"among the immortals who give good gifts to men, there is no one more kind than helios, the bestower of light and heat. every morning when the dawn with her rosy fingers illumes the eastern sky, good helios rises from his golden couch, and from their pasture calls his milk-white steeds. by name he calls them,--
"'eos, ?thon, bronté, astrape!'
"each hears his master's voice, and comes obedient. then about their bright manes and his own yellow locks he twines wreaths of sweet-smelling flowers,--amaranths and daffodils and asphodels from the heavenly gardens. and the hours come and harness the steeds to the burning sun-car, and put the reins into helios hyperion's hands. he mounts to his place, he speaks,--and the winged team soars upward into the morning air; and all earth's children awake, and give thanks to the ruler of the sun for the new day which smiles down upon them.
"hour after hour, with steady hand, helios guides his steeds; and the flaming car is borne along the sun-road through the sky. and when the day's work is done, and sable night comes creeping over the earth, the steeds, the car, and the driver sink softly down to the western ocean's stream, where a golden vessel waits to bear them back again, swiftly and unseen, to the dwelling of the sun in the east. there, under the home-roof, helios greets his mother and his wife and his dear children; and there he rests until the dawn again leaves old ocean's bed, and blushing comes to bid him journey forth anew.
"one son had helios, phaethon the gleaming, and among the children of men there was no one more fair. and the great heart of helios beat with love for his earth-child, and he gave him rich gifts, and kept nothing from him.
"and phaethon, as he grew up, became as proud as he was fair, and wherever he went he boasted of his kinship to the sun; and men when they looked upon his matchless form and his radiant features believed his words, and honored him as the heir of helios hyperion. but one epaphos, a son of zeus, sneered.
"'thou a child of helios!' he said; 'what folly! thou canst show nothing wherewith to prove thy kinship, save thy fair face and thy yellow hair; and there are many maidens in hellas who have those, and are as beautiful as thou. manly grace and handsome features are indeed the gifts of the gods; but it is by godlike deeds alone that one can prove his kinship to the immortals. while helios hyperion--thy father, as thou wouldst have it--guides his chariot above the clouds, and showers blessings upon the earth, what dost thou do? what, indeed, but dally with thy yellow locks, and gaze upon thy costly clothing, while all the time thy feet are in the dust, and the mire of the earth holds them fast? if thou hast kinship with the gods, prove it by doing the deeds of the gods! if thou art helios hyperion's son, guide for one day his chariot through the skies.'
"thus spoke epaphos. and the mind of phaethon was filled with lofty dreams; and, turning away from the taunting tempter, he hastened to his father's house.
"never-tiring helios, with his steeds and car, had just finished the course of another day; and with words of warmest love he greeted his earth-born son.
"'dear phaethon,' he said, 'what errand brings thee hither at this hour, when the sons of men find rest in slumber? is there any good gift that thou wouldst have? say what it is, and it shall be thine.'
"and phaethon wept. and he said, 'father, there are those who say that i am not thy son. give me, i pray thee, a token whereby i can prove my kinship to thee.'
"and helios answered, 'mine it is to labor every day, and short is the rest i have, that so earth's children may have light and life. yet tell me what token thou cravest, and i swear that i will give it thee.'
"'father helios,' said the youth, 'this is the token that i ask: let me sit in thy place to-morrow, and drive thy steeds along the pathway of the skies.'
"then was the heart of helios full sad, and he said to phaethon, 'my child, thou knowest not what thou askest. thou art not like the gods; and there lives no man who can drive my steeds, or guide the sun-car through the skies. i pray thee ask some other boon.'
"but phaethon would not.
"'i will have this boon or none. i will drive thy steeds to-morrow, and thereby make proof of my birthright.'
"then helios pleaded long with his son that he would not aspire to deeds too great for weak man to undertake. but wayward phaethon would not hear. and when the dawn peeped forth, and the hours harnessed the steeds to the car, his father sadly gave the reins into his hands.
"'my love for thee cries out, "refrain, refrain!" yet for my oath's sake, i grant thy wish.'
"and he hid his face, and wept.
"and phaethon leaped into the car, and lashed the steeds with his whip. up they sprang, and swift as a storm cloud they sped high into the blue vault of heaven. for well did they know that an unskilled hand held the reins, and proudly they scorned his control.
"the haughty heart of phaethon sank within him, and all his courage failed; and the long reins dropped from his nerveless grasp.
"'glorious father,' he cried in agony, 'thy words were true. would that i had hearkened to thy warning, and obeyed!'
"and the sun-steeds, mad with their new-gained freedom, wildly careered in mid-heaven, and then plunged downward towards the earth. close to the peopled plains they dashed and soared, dragging the car behind them. the parched earth smoked; the rivers turned to vaporous clouds; the trees shook off their scorched leaves and died; and men and beasts hid in the caves and rocky clefts, and there perished with thirst and the unbearable heat.
"'o father zeus!' prayed mother earth, 'send help to thy children, or they perish through this man's presumptuous folly!'
"then the thunderer from his high seat hurled his dread bolts, and unhappy phaethon fell headlong from the car; and the fire-breathing steeds, affrighted but obedient, hastened back to the pastures of helios on the shores of old ocean's stream.
"phaethon fell into the river which men call eridanos, and his broken-hearted sisters wept for him; and as they stood upon the banks and bewailed his unhappy fate, father zeus in pity changed them into tall green poplars; and their tears, falling into the river, were hardened into precious yellow amber. but the daughters of hesperus, through whose country this river flows, built for the fair hero a marble tomb, close by the sounding sea. and they sang a song about phaethon, and said that although he had been hurled to the earth by the thunderbolts of angry zeus, yet he died not without honor, for he had his heart set on the doing of great deeds."
as phemius ended his story, odysseus, who had been too intent upon listening to look around him, raised his eyes and uttered a cry of joy; for he saw that they had left the open sea behind them, and were entering the long and narrow gulf between achaia and the ?tolian land. the oarsmen, who, too, had been earnest listeners, sprang quickly to their places, and hastened to ply their long oars; for now the breeze had begun to slacken, and the sail hung limp and useless upon the ship's mast. keeping close to the northern shore they rounded capes and headlands, and skirted the mouths of deep inlets, where phemius said strange monsters often lurked in wait for unwary or belated seafarers. but they passed all these places safely, and saw no living creature, save some flocks of sea-birds flying among the cliffs, and one lone, frightened fisherman, who left his net upon the sands, and ran to hide himself in the thickets of underbrush which skirted the beach.
late in the day they came to the mouth of a little harbor which, like one in ithaca, was a favored haunt of old phorcys the elder of the sea. here the captain of the oarsmen said they must tarry for the night, for the sun was already sinking in the west, and after nightfall no ship could be guided with safety along these shores. a narrow strait between high cliffs led into the little haven, which was so sheltered from the winds that vessels could ride there without their hawsers, even though fierce storms might rage upon the sea outside. through this strait the ship was guided, urged by the strong arms of the rowers; and so swiftly did it glide across the harbor that it was driven upon the shelving beach at the farther side, and stopped not until it lay full half its length high upon the warm, dry sand.
then the crew lifted out their store of food, and their vessels for cooking; and while some took their bows and went in search of game, others kindled a fire, and hastened to make ready the evening meal. odysseus and his tutor, when they had climbed out of the ship, sauntered along the beach, intent to know what kind of place it was to which fortune had thus brought them. they found that it was in all things a pattern and counterpart of the little bay of phorcys in their own ithaca.[1]
[1] see the description of this bay, in the odyssey, book xiii. l. 102.
near the head of the harbor grew an olive tree, beneath whose spreading branches there was a cave, in which, men said, the naiads sometimes dwelt. in this cave were great bowls and jars and two-eared pitchers, all of stone; and in the clefts of the rock the wild bees had built their comb, and filled it with yellow honey. in this cave, too, were long looms on which, from their spindles wrought of stone, the naiads were thought to weave their purple robes. close by the looms, a torrent of sweet water gushed from the rock, and flowed in crystal streams down into the bay. two doorways opened into the cave: one from the north, through which mortal man might enter, and one from the south, kept as the pathway of phorcys and the naiads. but odysseus and his tutor saw no signs of any of these beings: it seemed as if the place had not been visited for many a month.
after the voyagers had partaken of their meal, they sat for a long time around the blazing fire upon the beach, and each told some marvellous story of the sea. for their thoughts were all upon the wonders of the deep.
"we should not speak of poseidon, the king of waters," said the captain, "save with fear upon our lips, and reverence in our hearts. for he it is who rules the sea, as his brother zeus controls the land; and no one dares to dispute his right. once, when sailing on the ?g?an sea, i looked down into the depths, and saw his lordly palace,--a glittering, golden mansion, built on the rocks at the bottom of the mere. quickly did we spread our sails aloft, and the friendly breezes and our own strong arms hurried us safely away from that wonderful but dangerous station. in that palace of the deep, poseidon eats and drinks and makes merry with his friends, the dwellers in the sea; and there he feeds and trains his swift horses,--horses with hoofs of bronze and flowing golden manes. and when he harnesses these steeds to his chariot, and wields above them his well-wrought lash of gold, you should see, as i have seen, how he rides in terrible majesty above the waves. and the creatures of the sea pilot him on his way, and gambol on either side of the car, and follow dancing in his wake. but when he smites the waters with the trident which he always carries in his hand, the waves roll mountain high, the lightnings flash, and the thunders peal, and the earth is shaken to its very core. then it is that man bewails his own weakness, and prays to the powers above for help and succor."
"i have never seen the palace of poseidon," said the helmsman, speaking slowly; "but once, when sailing to far-off crete, our ship was overtaken by a storm, and for ten days we were buffeted by winds and waves, and driven into unknown seas. after this, we vainly tried to find again our reckonings, but we knew not which way to turn our vessel's prow. then, when the storm had ended, we saw upon a sandy islet great troops of seals and sea-calves couched upon the beach, and basking in the warm rays of the sun.
"'let us cast anchor, and wait here,' said our captain; 'for surely proteus, the old man of the sea who keeps poseidon's herds, will come erewhile to look after these sea-beasts.'
"and he was right; for at noonday the herdsman of the sea came up out of the brine, and went among his sea-calves, and counted them, and called each one by name. when he was sure that not even one was missing, he lay down among them upon the sand. then we landed quickly from our vessel, and rushed silently upon him, and seized him with our hands. the old master of magic tried hard to escape from our clutches, and did not forget his cunning. first he took the form of a long-maned lion, fierce and terrible; but when this did not affright us, he turned into a scaly serpent; then into a leopard, spotted and beautiful; then into a wild boar, with gnashing tusks and foaming mouth. seeing that by none of these forms he could make us loosen our grasp upon him, he took the shape of running water, as if to glide through our fingers; then he became a tall tree full of leaves and blossoms; and, lastly, he became himself again. and he pleaded with us for his freedom, and promised to tell us any thing that we desired, if we would only let him go.
"'tell us which way we shall sail, and how far we shall go, that we may surely reach the fair harbor of crete,' said our captain.
"'sail with the wind two days,' said the elder of the sea, 'and on the third morning ye shall behold the hills of crete, and the pleasant port which you seek.'
"then we loosened our hold upon him, and old proteus plunged into the briny deep; and we betook ourselves to our ship, and sailed away before the wind. and on the third day, as he had told us, we sighted the fair harbor of crete."
as the helmsman ended his story, his listeners smiled; for he had told them nothing but an old tale, which every seaman had learned in his youth,--the story of proteus, symbol of the ever-changing forms of matter. just then odysseus heard a low, plaintive murmur, seeming as if uttered by some lost wanderer away out upon the sea.
"what is that?" he asked, turning towards phemius.
"it is glaucus, the soothsayer of the sea, lamenting that he is mortal," answered the bard. "long time ago, glaucus was a poor fisherman who cast his nets into these very waters, and built his hut upon the ?tolian shore, not very far from the place where we now sit. before his hut there was a green, grassy spot, where he often sat to dress the fish which he caught. one day he carried a basketful of half-dead fish to that spot, and turned them out upon the ground. wonderful to behold! each fish took a blade of grass in its mouth, and forthwith jumped into the sea. the next day he found a hare in the woods, and gave chase to it. the frightened creature ran straight to the grassy plat before his hut, seized a green spear of grass between its lips, and dashed into the sea.
"'strange what kind of grass that is!' cried glaucus. then he pulled up a blade, and tasted it. quick as thought, he also jumped into the sea; and there he wanders evermore among the seaweeds and the sand and the pebbles and the sunken rocks; and, although he has the gift of soothsaying, and can tell what things are in store for mortal men, he mourns and laments because he cannot die."
then phemius, seeing that odysseus grew tired of his story, took up his harp, and touched its strings, and sang a song about old phorcys,--the son of the sea and mother earth,--and about his strange daughters who dwell in regions far remote from the homes of men.
he touched his harp lightly, and sang a sweet lullaby,--a song about the sirens, the fairest of all the daughters of old phorcys. these have their home in an enchanted island in the midst of the western sea; and they sit in a green meadow by the shore, and they sing evermore of empty pleasures and of phantoms of delight and of vain expectations. and woe is the wayfaring man who hearkens to them! for by their bewitching tones they lure him to his death, and never again shall he see his dear wife or his babes, who wait long and vainly for his home-coming. stop thine ears, o voyager on the sea, and listen not to the songs of the sirens, sing they ever so sweetly; for the white flowers which dot the meadow around them are not daisies, but the bleached bones of their victims.
then phemius smote the chords of his harp, and played a melody so weird and wild that odysseus sprang to his feet, and glanced quickly around him, as if he thought to see some grim and horrid shape threatening him from among the gathering shadows. and this time the bard sang a strange, tumultuous song, concerning other daughters of old phorcys,--the three gray sisters, with shape of swan, who have but one tooth for all, and one common eye, and who sit forever on a barren rock near the farthest shore of ocean's stream. upon them the sun doth never cast a beam, and the moon doth never look; but, horrible and alone, they sit clothed in their yellow robes, and chatter threats and meaningless complaints to the waves which dash against their rock.
not far away from these monsters once sat the three gorgons, daughters also of old phorcys. these were clothed with bat-like wings, and horror sat upon their faces. they had ringlets of snakes for hair, and their teeth were like the tusks of swine, and their hands were talons of brass; and no mortal could ever gaze upon them and breathe again. but there came, one time, a young hero to those regions,--perseus the godlike; and he snatched the eye of the three gray sisters, and flung it far into the depths of lake tritonis; and he slew medusa, the most fearful of the gorgons, and carried the head of the terror back to hellas with him as a trophy.
the bard chose next a gentler theme: and, as he touched his harp, the listeners fancied that they heard the soft sighing of the south wind, stirring lazily the leaves and blossoms; they heard the plashing of fountains, and the rippling of water-brooks, and the songs of little birds; and their minds were carried away in memory to pleasant gardens in a summer land. and phemius sang of the hesperides, or the maidens of the west, who also, men say, are the daughters of phorcys the ancient. the hesperian land in which they dwell is a country of delight, where the trees are laden with golden fruit, and every day is a sweet dream of joy and peace. and the clear-voiced hesperides sing and dance in the sunlight always; and their only task is to guard the golden apples which grow there, and which mother earth gave to here the queen upon her wedding day.
here phemius paused. odysseus, lulled by the soft music, and overcome by weariness, had lain down upon the sand and fallen asleep. at a sign from the bard, the seamen lifted him gently into the ship, and, covering him with warm skins, they left him to slumber through the night.
