a difficulty may be suggested as to the movements of molluscs, that is, as to where that movement originates; for they have no distinction of left and right. now observation shows them moving. we must, i think, treat all this class as mutilated, and as moving in the way in which limbed creatures do when one cuts off their legs, or as analogous with the seal and the bat. both the latter are quadrupeds but misshapen. now molluscs do move, but move in a manner contrary to nature. they are not moving things, but are moving if as sedentary creatures they are compared with zoophytes, and sedentary if classed with progressing animals.

as to right and left, crabs, too, show the distinction poorly, still they do show it. you can see it in the claw; the right claw is larger and stronger, as though the right and left sides were trying to get distinguished.

the structure of animals, both in their other parts, and especially in those which concern progression and any movement in place, is as we have now described. it remains, after determining these questions, to investigate the problems of life and death.