calmness in the presence of danger had always been one of d. john of austria's great qualities, and it did not fail him in this crisis. he refrained from telling anyone of the fears and anxieties that cecco pizano's information had inspired in him, and without wasting a second he at once began to take measures with that intelligence and orderly activity required by the art of war, seeing and taking in everything at a glance, making his arrangements without hurry or confusion.
he ordered that a little rowing and sailing galley, employed to transmit orders, should come alongside of the "real," and he embarked in her with juan de soto and d. luis de córdoba, to visit, one by one, all the galleys of the centre division and of the right wing; those of the left he gave over to his lieutenant the knight commander, luis de requesens.
in all the galleys d. john gave orders, the forethought and prudence of which could be appreciated later. he ordered that in all the galleys the high peaks should be cut off, to ensure the more effectual working of the forward guns.
he made them take off the chains and give arms to those galley slaves who were condemned to row for ordinary offences, promising them pardon if they gave a good account of themselves in the fight. these poor creatures wept and embraced the boatswains who came to give them arms, swearing to die, as, in truth, most of them did, for the faith, the king, and d. john of austria. he also ordered on deck the best food in the holds, and leather bottles of wine to be divided among the crews, and then went among them to speak to them and to encourage them.
d. john went unarmed, with an ivory crucifix in his hand, that he afterwards gave to his confessor fr. miguel servia, which existed in the convent of jesus, outside the walls of palma in majorca until 1835. his words were not polished nor his arguments intricate; he only told them that they were fighting for the faith, and that there was no heaven for cowards. but he said it all so earnestly and courteously, and his declarations and promises so evidently came from his heart, that they filled all with enthusiasm and the wish to be brave, as if he were filling them with some of his own heroism.
he gave medals to some, money to others, to others scapularies and rosaries, and, when he had no more to give, he bestowed his hat on one and divided his gloves between two more. and when a captain offered the galley slave who had received it fifty ducats for one of the gloves, the man promptly refused, and stuck it in his hat as if it had been the finest plume.
the two fleets came face to face at eleven o'clock in the morning, scarcely a league dividing them. then in a moment ali pasha could understand the extent of his error, seeing ship after ship that he had not counted on coming up the narrow channel of oxia, and marco antonio arrozo narrates that, turning round to the christian captives who were chained to the benches, he said to them, deadly pale, "brothers! do what is your duty in return for the good treatment i have given you. if i am victorious, i promise you liberty, and if to-day is your day, god gives it to you."
then the crafty aluch ali proposed to tack so as to bring the christian fleet under the fire of the entrance of the gulf; but the proud ottoman leader answered that never should the galleys of the padisha, under his command, offer even an appearance of flight. meanwhile the two fleets were man?uvring to form up for battle, the ottoman one in the open sea, light and favoured by the wind, the christian one heavy, and shut in by visible and invisible rocks which there surround the curzolari islands, and hampered by the contrary wind. they spread out their left wing to the coast, getting quite close when the sounding allowed it, to prevent the turkish galleys passing and attacking them from the rear. it was formed of fifty-three galleys, under agostino barbarigo, whose galley went first, as guide on the land side, the guide of the other side was marco quirini, with venice's third flagship. the right wing, on the other hand, went out to sea; it consisted of fifty-six galleys, commanded and guided from the extreme right by gian andrea doria, whose flagship had a globe of glass as a lantern, with gilded hoops; the left was guided by d. juan de cardona, with the flagship of sicily.
between the two wings, forming the centre division, were sixty-two galleys; in the middle the "real" of d. john of austria, flanked on each side by the flagships of the captains marco antonio colonna and sebastian veniero, and their stern guarded by d. john's "patrona" and the ship of the knight commander d. luis de requesens, who did not wish to be separated for an instant from the generalissimo; the two extremes of the centre division were led, on the left by the flagship of malta, commanded by the prior of messina, fr. pietro gustiniani. behind the centre division and at a convenient distance were the thirty galleys in reserve, commanded by the marqués de santa cruz. there was not more than the space necessary for man?uvring between ship and ship, and the line of the allied fleet extended at sea for nearly two miles. a mile in front of the line of battle were the six galliasses, two appertaining to each part of the fleet.
ali pasha had disposed his fleet in an identical manner; he also spread out his right wing, composed of fifty-six galleys, towards the land, under mahomet scirocco. the left, formed of ninety-three galleys, also went to sea, under the orders of aluch ali; and in the midst of the centre division, formed of ninety-five galleys, a ship of ali pasha's pressed forward, a very large one, with five high stanchions with five great gilded lanterns in the stern, and well supplied with artillery and with more than 500 men, turks of epacos, excellent archers and gunners who were the pick of his force. round her, to defend her, were seven galleys, the strongest and best that the serasker perter pasha had. behind the centre division, as in the allied fleet, were thirty galleys in reserve. the space between the ships was the same in both fleets, and the turkish fleet stretched for over four miles. therefore the two armadas were each formed into three divisions, which each faced an enemy. that of barbarigo was opposite that of mahomet scirocco; that of d. john of austria was opposite that of ali pasha, and gian andrea doria was facing aluch ali, the real and most redoubtable captain of the turks.
d. john's visit had aroused enthusiasm among the galleys, and all preparations being made, they only waited for the signal of battle. the generalissimo had also made his preparations on the "real"; he ordered that the deck should be cleared as much as possible, in order to give plenty of room for fighting and for suitably posting the 400 veterans of the cerdena regiment whom he had on board. he confided the defence of the platforms of the forecastles to the field-marshals d. lope de figueroa and d. miguel de moncada, and to andres de mesa and andres de salazar; the midships to gil de andrade; the kitchen to d. pedro zapata de calatayud; the boat to luis carillo; the quarter-deck to d. bernardino de cardenas, d. rodrigo de mendoza cervellon, d. luis de cardena, d. juan de gúzman, d. felipe heredia, and rui diaz de mendoza; and as principal defender of the ship and true generalissimo of the battle, he had hung up, in a wooden box, the moorish crucifix rescued by luis quijada, which d. john always carried about with him.
from the stern d. john followed the man?uvres of both fleets, and, not to lose sight of them for a moment, he began to don his armour there, under the little awning of red and white damask which was at the door of his cabin; he put on a strong black coat of mail with silver nails; below the cuirass he wore the "piece of the true cross," the present of pius v, and over the cuirass the golden fleece, as by the statutes of the order a knight should always wear it when he engages in battle. d. john had just finished arming himself when he noticed that gian andrea doria had got too far ahead with the wing he was commanding, leaving a wide space between the left and the centre of the line; he also observed that aluch ali had followed the man?uvre of doria with a parallel turkish one with his left wing, and at once understood the strategy of the cunning renegade, who wished, and was succeeding in doing so, to separate the christian right wing from the centre division, in order to surround them completely and cut them off. d. john hastened to send a frigate to doria, to warn him of the trap into which he had fallen, and which threatened to cause the loss of the battle; but, unfortunately, it was too late, and the frigate had not time to cover the three miles which separated them from doria.
the turkish fleet came on imposing and terrible, all sails set, impelled by a fair wind, and it was only half a mile from the line of galliasses and another mile from the line of the christian ships.
d. john waited no longer; he humbly crossed himself, and ordered that the cannon of challenge should be fired on the "real," and that the blue flag of the league should be hoisted at the stern, which unfurled itself like a piece of the sky on which stood out an image of the crucified. a moment later the galley of ali replied, accepting the challenge by firing another cannon, and hoisting at the stern the standard of the prophet, guarded in mecca, white and of large size, with a wide green "cenefa," and in the centre verses from the koran embroidered in gold. at the same moment a strange thing happened, a very simple one at any other time, but for good reason then considered a miracle: the wind fell suddenly to a calm, and then began to blow favourably for the christians and against the turks. it seemed as if the voice had said to the sea, "be calm," and to the wind, "be still." the silence was profound, and nothing was heard but the waves breaking on the prows of the galleys, and the noise of the chains of the christian galley slaves as they rowed.
fr. miguel servia blessed from the quarter-deck all those of the fleet, and gave them absolution in the hour of death. it was then a quarter to twelve.
