——where has commerce such a mart,
so rich, so throng'd, so drained, and so supplied,
as london; opulent, enlarged, and still
increasing london? babylon of old
not more the glory of the earth, than she;
a more accomplish'd world's chief glory now.
[383] according to arrangements previously made, our friends met in the morning with a determination to shape their course eastward, in order to take a survey of the commercial docks for the accommodation of shipping, and the furtherance of trade; and the carriage being ordered, they were quickly on their way towards blackwall.
“the docks of the port of london,” said the hon. tom dashall, “are of the highest importance in a commercial point of view, and are among the prominent curiosities of british commerce, as they greatly facilitate trade, and afford additional security to the merchants.”
“yes,” said sparkle, “and it is to be presumed, no small profit to the share-holders of the companies by which they were established; but i expect your cousin will derive more gratification from a sight of the places themselves, than from any description we can give, and the time to explain will be when we arrive on the spot; for it is scarcely possible for any one to conceive the immensity of buildings they contain, or the regularity with which the business is carried on.—” how do ye do?” (thrusting his head out of the window, and moving his hand with graceful familiarity,)—“i have not seen sir frederick since my matrimonial trip, and now he has passed by on horseback i really believe without seeing me; dashall, you remember sir frederick forcewit?”
“perfectly well,” replied tom; “but i was paying so much attention to you, that i did not notice him. the liveliest fellow, except yourself, in the whole round of my acquaintance.”
[384] “and you are one of the best i ever met with to gain a point by a good turn; but take it, and make the most you can of it—i may have an opportunity of paying you off in your own coin.”
tallyho laughed heartily at the manner in which sparkle had altogether changed the conversation, but could not help remarking that sir frederick had not given a specimen of his politeness, by avoiding a return of sparkle's salutation.
“and yet,” continued sparkle, “he is one of the most polished men i know, notwithstanding i think his upper story is not a bit too well furnished: he has a handsome fortune, and a pretty wife, who would indeed be a lovely woman, but for an affectation of manners which she assumed upon coming to the title of lady forcewit: their parties are of the most dashing order, and all the rank and fashion of the metropolis visit their mansion.”
sparkle, who was in his usual humour for conversation and description, now entertained his friends with the following account of a party with whom he had spent an evening just previous to his departure from town.
“mrs. stepswift is the widow lady of a dancing-master, who having acquired some little property previous to his decease, left his partner in possession of his wealth and two daughters, though the provision for their education and support was but scanty. the mother had the good luck a few years after to add to her stock ten thousand pounds by a prize in the lottery, a circumstance which afforded her additional opportunities of indulging her passion for dress, which she did not fail to inculcate in her daughters, who, though not handsome, were rather pleasing and agreeable girls; and since the good fortune to which i have alluded, she has usually given a ball by way of introduction to company, and with the probable view, (as they are now marriageable), to secure them husbands. it was on one of these occasions that i was invited, and as i knew but one of the party, i had an excellent opportunity of making my uninterrupted remarks.”
“then,” said dashall, “i'll wager my life you acted the part of an observant quiz.”
“and i should think you would be likely to win,” observed tallyho.
[385] “i am bound to consider myself obliged,” continued sparkle, “for the bold construction you are kind enough to put upon my character and conduct by your observations; but never mind, i am not to be intimidated by the firing of a pop-gun, or a flash in the pan, therefore i shall proceed. upon my introduction i found the widow playing a rubber with a punchy parson, a lean doctor, and a half-pay officer in the guards; and consequently taking a friend i knew by the arm, i strolled through the rooms, which were spacious and well furnished. in the ball-room i found numerous couples 'tripping it on the light fantastic toe,' to the tune of 'i'll gang no more to yon town,' and displaying a very considerable portion of grace and agility. in the other room devoted to refreshments and cards, i met with several strollers like myself, who being without partners, or not choosing to dance with such as they could obtain, were lounging away their time near the centre of the room. i was introduced to the two young ladies, who behaved with the utmost politeness and attention, though i could easily perceive there was a considerable portion of affectation mingled with their manners; and i soon discovered that they operated as the load-stone of attraction to several dandy-like beaux who were continually flocking around them.
?"my dear miss eliza,' said a pug-nosed dandy, whom i afterwards understood to be a jeweller's shopman, 'may i be allowed the superlative honor and happiness of attending you down the next dance?' the manner in which this was spoken, with a drawling lisp, and the unmeaning attitude of the speaker, which was any thing but natural, provoked my risibility almost beyond forbearance; his bushy head, the fall of his cape, and the awkward stick-out of his coat, which was buttoned tight round his waist; the drop of his quizzing glass from his bosom, and the opera hat in his hand, formed altogether as curious a figure as i ever recollect to have seen; though my eyes were immediately directed to another almost as grotesque, by the young lady herself, who informed the applicant that she had engaged herself with captain scrambleton, and could not avail herself of his intended honor; while the captain himself, with a mincing gait, little compatible with the line of life to which it was to be presumed he was attached, was advancing and eyeing the would-be rival with all the apparent accuracy of a military scrutiny. the contrast of the two figures is [386] inconceivable—the supplicating beau on the one hand, half double, in the attitude of solicitation, and the upright position of the exquisite militaire, casting a suspicious look of self-importance on the other, were irresistible. i was obliged to turn on one side to prevent discovering my impulse to laughter. the captain, i have since learned, turned out to be a broken-down blackleg, seeking to patch up a diminished fortune by a matrimonial alliance, in which he was only foiled by a discovery just time enough to prevent his design upon miss eliza.”
“mere butterflies,” exclaimed dashall, “that nutter for a time in sunshine with golden wings, to entrap attention, while the rays fall upon them, and then are seen no more! but i always like your descriptions, although you are usually severe.”
page386 at a party
“as soon as i could recover my solemnity, i found a little gentleman, who reminded me strongly of cunning little isaac in the duenna, advancing towards miss amelia with true dancing-master-like precision. i soon discovered, by her holding up her fan at his approach, that she held him in utter aversion, and found he received a reply very derogatory to his wishes; when stepping up to her by the introduction of my friend, i succeeded m obtaining her hand for the dance, to the great mortification and discomfiture of mr. o'liltwell, who was no other than an irish dancing-master in miniature. there is always room enough for observation and conjecture upon such occasions. there were, however, other characters in the rooms more particularly deserving of notice. in one corner i found lord anundrum, the ex-amateur director, m close conversation with mr. splitlungs, a great tragedian, and tom little, the great poet, on the subject of a new piece written by the latter, and presented for acceptance to the former by. mr. splitlungs, the intermediate friend of both. i discovered the title of this master-piece of dramatic literature to be no other than 'the methodical madman, or bedlam besieged.' a little further on sat dr. staggerwit, who passes for a universal genius: he is a great chemist, and a still greater gourmand, moreover a musician, has a hand in the leading reviews, a share m the most prominent of the daily papers; is president of several learned institutions, over the threshold of which he has never passed, and an honorary member of others which have long been defunct: he appeared to be absorbed in contemplation, and taking but little notice of the gaieties by which he was surrounded. my friend informed me he was just then endeavouring to bring before parliament his coup de ma?tre, which was a process for extracting a nourishing diet for the poor from oyster shells.”
[387] “what the devil is the matter?” exclaimed dashall, thrusting his head out of the carriage window upon hearing a sudden crash.
“matter enough, your honour,” bawled an athletic irishman in the habit of a sailor; “by the powers, here's peg pimpleface, the costermonger's great grand-daughter, at sea without a rudder or compass, upset in a squall, and run bump ashore; and may i be chained to the toplights if i think either crew or cargo can be saved.”
it appeared that peg pimpleface had been round poplar, limehouse, and their vicinities, to sell her cargo of greens, potatoes, and other vegetables; and having met with tolerable success, she had refreshed herself a little too freely with the juniper, and driving her donkey-cart towards whitechapel, with a short pipe in her mouth, had dropped from her seat among the remains of her herbage, leaving her donkey to the uncontrolled selection of his way home. a blackwall stage, on the way to its place of destination, had, by a sudden jerk against one of the wheels of peg's crazy vehicle, separated the shafts from the body of the cart, and the donkey being thus unexpectedly disengaged from his load, made the best of his bargain, by starting at full speed with the shafts at his heels, while the cart, by the violence of the concussion, lay in the road completely topsy turvey; consequently tom looked in vain for the fair sufferer who lay under it.
“poor peg,” continued the irishman, “by the powers, if her nose comes too near the powder magazine, the whole concarn will blow up; and as i don't think she is insured, i'll be after lending her a helping hand; “and with this, setting his shoulders to the shattered machine, at one effort he restored it to its proper position, and made a discovery of peg pimpleface, with her ruby features close to a bunch of turnips, the whiteness of which served to heighten in no small degree their effect: the fall, however, had not left her in the most delicate situation for public inspection; the latter part of her person presenting itself bare, save and except that a bunch of carrots appeared to have sympathized in her misfortune, and [388] kindly overshadowed her brawny posteriors. as she lay perfectly motionless, it was at first conjectured that poor peg was no longer a living inhabitant of this world: it was, however, soon ascertained that this was not the fact, for the hibernian, after removing the vegetables, and adjusting her clothes, took her up in his arms, and carried her with true irish hospitality to a neighbouring public-house, where seating her, she opened her eyes, which being black, shone like two stars over the red protuberance of her face.
“by j———s,” says pat, “peg's a brilliant of the first water; give her a glass of max, and she'll be herself in two minutes:” at the sound of this, animation was almost instantaneously restored, and tom and his friends having ascertained that she had sustained no bodily harm, gave the generous irishman a reward for his attentions, jumped into the carriage, and proceeded on their journey.
they were not long on their journey to black wall; where having arrived, the first object of attention was the east india docks, to which they were introduced by mr. m. an acquaintance of dashall's.
“these docks,” said tom to his cousin, “are a noble series of works, well worthy of the company which produced them, though they generally excite less interest than the west india docks, which are not far distant, and of which we shall also have a sight.”
“it should be remembered,” observed mr. m. “that these docks are solely appropriated to the safe riding of east indiamen. the import dock is 1410 feet long, 560 wide, and 30 feet deep, covering an area of 18 acres and a half. the export dock is 780 feet long, 520 feet wide, and 30 feet deep, covering nine acres and a half, with good wharf, and warehouse room for loading and unloading.”
“pray,” said bob, “what are those immense caravans, do they belong to the shew-folk, the collectors of wild beasts and curiosities for exhibition at the fair? or———”
“they are vehicles of considerable utility, sir,” replied mr. m.; “for by means of those covered waggons, all the goods and merchandize of the east india company are conveyed to and from their warehouses in town, under lock and key, so as to prevent fraud and smuggling. they are very capacious, and although they have a heavy and cumbrous appearance, they move along the road [389] with more celerity than may be imagined; and the high wall with which the docks are surrounded, prevents the possibility of any serious peculation being carried on within them. the company are paid by a tonnage duty, which they charge to the owners. coopers, carpenters, and blacksmiths, are continually employed in repairing the packages of goods, landing, and snipping; and a numerous party of labourers are at all times engaged in conveying the merchandize to and from the shipping, by which means hundreds of families are provided for. the company is established by act of parliament, and for the convenience of the merchants they have an office for the transaction of business in town.”
“it is a very extensive concern,” said tallyho, “and is doubtless of very great utility.”
having satisfied themselves by looking over these extensive works, mr. m. informed them, that adjoining the docks was a ship-building yard, formerly well known as perry's yard, but now the property of sir robert wigram. “probably you would like to take a view round it.”
to this having replied in the affirmative, they were quickly introduced.
“sir robert,” said mr. m. “has been, and i believe still is, a considerable managing owner of east india shipping, whose fortune appears to have advanced as his family increased, and perhaps few men have deserved better success; he was born at wexford, in ireland, in the year 1744, and was brought up under his father to the profession of a surgeon: he left ireland early in life, to pursue his studies in england, and afterwards obtained an appointment as surgeon of an east indiaman, and remained some years in the service: he married miss broadhurst, the youngest daughter of francis broadhurst, of mansfield, in nottinghamshire, an eminent tanner and maltster; soon after which he commenced his career as owner of east india shipping. the general goddard, commanded by william taylor money, esq. sailed under his management, and was fortunate enough during the voyage to capture eight dutch east indiamen, of considerable value, off st. helena; since which he has been one of the most eminent ship-owners in the city of london.”
[390] “a proof,” said sparkle, “of the advantages to be derived from perseverance, and the active exercise of an intelligent mind.”
“his first wife,” continued the informant, “died in the year 1786, leaving him five children; and in the following year he married miss eleanor watts, daughter of john watts, esq. of southampton, many years secretary to the victualling office, who is the present lady wigram, the benevolence of whose heart, and gentleness of manners, have not only endeared her to her husband, but gained her the esteem and regard of all who know her, and by this lady he has had seventeen children.”
“zounds!” said bob, “a man ought to have a mine of wealth to support such a numerous progeny.”
“they are, however, all of them well provided for; and sir robert has the happiness, at an advanced age, to find himself the father of a happy family; he rejoices once a year to have them all seated at his own table; and has in many instances surprised his friends by an introduction. it is related, that a gentleman from the isle of wight met him near the exchange, and after mutual salutations were passed, he invited the gentleman to dine with him, by whom an excuse was offered, as he was not equipped for appearing at his table. 'nonsense,' said sir robert, 'you must dine with me; and i can assure you there will be only my own family present, so come along.' guess the surprise of his visitor, on being introduced to a large party of ladies and gentlemen. he was confused and embarrassed. he begged pardon, and would have retired, declaring that sir robert had informed him that none but his own family were to be present. this sir r. affirmed he had strictly adhered to, and introduced his friend to his sons and daughters by name, which it may fairly be presumed, though it explained, did not exactly tend to decrease his visitor's embarrassment.”
“and these premises,” inquired bob, “belong to the man you have described?”
“the same,” said mr. m.; “they are managed and conducted under the superintendence of two of his sons. here, east india ships are built, launched, and repaired: there are two on the stocks now of considerable magnitude; the premises are extensive and commodious, and that high building which you see is a mast-house, and the other buildings about the yard are devoted to sail lofts, and shops for the various artizans, requisite to complete the [391] grand design of building and fitting out a ship for sea. from this yard you have a fine view over the marshes towards woolwich, and also a commanding prospect of greenwich hospital. the various vessels and boats passing and repassing at all times, give variety to the scene before you; and when a launch takes place, the whole neighbourhood represents something of the nature of a carnival; the river is covered with boats filled with company, and every part of the shore near the spot from which the magnificent piece of mechanism is to burst upon its native element, is equally occupied; temporary booths are erected upon each side of what is termed the cradle, for the accommodation of invited visitors; bands play as she moves, and a bottle of wine is thrown at her head as she glides from the stocks, when her name is pronounced amidst the universal shouts of huzza.”
“it must be a most gratifying sight,” observed bob, “to see her cleave the watery world; indeed it is a very pleasing view we have already had of these floating castles, though i must also remark, that your descriptions have added greatly to the enjoyment, and i think we are much indebted for your kindness.”
they now parted with mr. m.; and after refreshing with a glass of wine and a sandwich at the plough, they proceeded to the west india docks, the entrance to which required no introduction. “here,” said dashall, “you will find a much longer space occupied than at the east india docks. these were undertaken according to an act of parliament passed in 1799, and the place was formerly called the isle of dogs, though it might almost as appropriately have been called the isle of boys. upon the wharfs and quays adjoining, all west india ships unload and load their cargoes.”
“and exclusively, i suppose,” interrogated tallyho, “for the accommodation of west india shipping?”
“exactly so,” continued tom; “the west india trade generally arrives in fleets, and formerly used to create much crowding, confusion, and damage in the river; but these ships being now disposed of in the docks, the overgrown trade of the port is carried on with pleasure and convenience; for notwithstanding they have occasioned a very important trade to be removed to a considerable and even inconvenient distance from the metropolis, yet the advantages to the port of london are upon the whole incalculable.
[392] “the northern dock for unloading inwards is 2600 by 510 feet, and 29 feet deep, covering a space of 30 acres, and capable of containing from two to three hundred sail of vessels, in greater security than the river could afford them; and the west india dock company are reimbursed for the accommodation by a tonnage of 6s. upon the burthen of every ship which enters the docks; besides which they are entitled to charge for wharfage, landing, housing, weighing, cooperage, and warehouse room; certain rates upon all goods that are discharged, such as 8d. per cwt. upon sugar; 1d. per gallon upon rum; is. 6d. per cwt. upon coffee; 2s. 6d. per cwt. upon cotton, wool, &c.: and all this immense business is conducted with a general order and regularity which greatly facilitates the business of the merchant.”
“but,” said sparkle, “i apprehend it subjects him to something more of expense than he incurred by the former mode of proceeding.”
“i am not able decidedly to answer,” continued tom; “but in the main, i expect that if so, it is well worth what is paid to have the additional security. the forms of conducting the business may sometimes be attended with considerable trouble, but there are persons so well acquainted with them by habitual practice, that there cannot be much difficulty at this period. this is the export dock, which covers an area of 24 acres, and is 2600 by 400 feet, and 29 deep. the immense buildings round the two docks, are warehouses for the reception of goods, and are of the most substantial description; and to enable shipping in their passage up and down the thames to avoid the circuitous and inconvenient course round the isle of dogs, a canal has been cut across this peninsula, through which, upon paying certain moderate rates, all ships, vessels, and craft, are permitted to pass in their passage up and down the river. in seeing this, and the east india docks, you have seen pretty well the nature of the whole, for they are all of a similar construction, for similar purposes, and under similar management: but we will now look in at the london docks, which are situated between ratcliffe highway and the thames, then home to dinner, and to dress for lady m.'s party in the evening.”
[393] thus saying, they took their way towards the place he had mentioned. it would, however, be extending description more than necessary, after the preceding observations of the hon. tom dashall, except to state that the dock covers 20 acres of ground, and is 1262 feet long, 699 feet wide, and 27 deep. the warehouses, situated at the eastern extremity, are two in number, appropriated for the reception of tobacco; the largest 762 feet long, and 160 feet wide, equally divided by a strong partition wall, with double iron doors; the smallest is 250 feet by 200. they consist of a ground floor and vaults, the latter of which are devoted to the care and housing of wines, in which are usually 5000 pipes. they are solely under the control of the customs, and the proprietors of the docks have nothing more to do with them than to receive the rent. other warehouses are devoted to the reception of the various articles of commerce, and the small buildings situated near the edge are appropriated to counting-houses for clerks and officers, and for weighing and pileing the goods, workshops, &c. as in the west india docks. the capital of the company is about ￡2,000,000, and the ultimate profits are limited to 10 per cent. the building was commenced in 1802, and the grand dock was opened in 1805. in the immense subterraneous caverns under the warehouses, all wines imported by the london merchant are deposited, without paying the import duty, until it is fully disposed of by the owner: a practice which is termed bonding, and saves the proprietor the advance of the duty to government out of his capital. when the merchant finds a person likely to become a purchaser, he directs a written order to the cellarman, to peg certain pipes which are a part of his stock, in order that the visitor may taste the various samples, and select from them such as he is most agreeable to purchase.”
“and no small convenience, of course,” said bon, “and of course the goods are not allowed to be removed till the duties and charges are paid by the purchaser.”
“certainly,” was the reply; “they are held as a security for their ultimate payment; but come, as we have already seen enough of docks, let us make the best of our way home.”
[394] upon arrival in piccadilly, a letter from merrywell reminded tom of his proposed journey to the country, with the additional attraction of merrywell's description of the parson's daughter, whom he suggested might in all probability become his wife.
sparkle likewise received a letter from home, reminding him of the expectations entertained of his early arrival. after dinner the evening was spent in the most agreeable and pleasant way, where our friends engaged themselves with tripping it on the light fantastic toe at lady m.'s, till the beams of the morning darted upon them.
