in love for others human nature manifests its highest expression. it is the quality of soul by which, in his relations with his fellows, a man’s capacity for service is determined; it is the fount at which all the finer springs of action are fed. generosity, mercy, pity, friendship, devotion, sacrifice, flow from this one source, which conscious effort may help to replenish, but which conscious or unconscious borrowing can never exhaust.
in his love for others lay the absorbing passion of harper’s life. it was a love which begot him the strongest and most enduring of friendships, and it was a love which carried his influence, and the sweet purpose of his life, away out beyond the circles of those with whom he was in daily association to where the tide of affection is wont to ebb, or, apparently, wastes itself in the reefs and shallows which abound. man, woman, or[79] child, he felt their kinship to the race; their lives were related to his life; misfortune only heightened his sympathy, and failure his compassion. day after day gave new expression to the wealth of generous purpose in that great human heart of his. it dictated the fields into which he directed his activities; it inspired his impulses, and was the sustaining power in his work.
nor was this, with harper, a blind love, an unreasoned passion. on the contrary, whatever its origin, it derived its strength from a carefully thought out philosophy of life, a philosophy based on a belief in a divine order and purpose in the universe, and in the sanctity of individual lives. he had faith in both god and man, and he held that the will of the one could only be fulfilled as it was realized in the life of the other. this belief explains his efforts on behalf of individuals, it interprets the views he held on such questions as those of social and political reform.
he loved men because of the belief he had in their natures. “after all,” he writes, “it[80] is not the external appearance of a man, nor what he says or does, that ought to excite our admiration or distrust, but that inner personality, the individuality, the soul, which is ‘the all and in all,’ and of which appearances are but imperfect representations and expressions.” he was not a man given to professions, or to the public performance of good deeds; in fact, the being seen of men caused him to hesitate in the doing of much which a less sensitive nature would have allowed. he did not shrink, however, from manifesting a personal interest in lives which seemed to demand it of him, or from revealing his purpose to those whom he knew could appreciate it aright.
one incident, among two or three which he has recorded, but one of a great many known only to those with whom the occasion was shared, is sufficient to illustrate how practical expression was given to this belief. it occurred within a short time after he had left the university, and before he had entered upon his journalistic career.
[81]
“i was returning home one night after a social evening, when i saw a young man in the hands of a policeman. he was what some people would have called a ‘bad boy,’ kept rather doubtful company, and was under arrest for having raised a disturbance during a drunken row. well, i managed to get the boy, who was about eighteen years of age, out of the cells on bail, and, in company with a fellow who had been ‘painting the town’ with him, i undertook to take him home. i contrived, after some time, to get rid of his ‘pal,’ and, as soon as the boy was sober enough, i undertook to find out whether he had a conscience.
“after walking about the streets with him for a couple of hours in the beautiful moonlight, by the aid of a power which was certainly not my own, i discovered that he had; and the boy opened up his heart to me. i showed him the uselessness and folly of the life into which he was rapidly drifting, and, in a voice convulsed with sobs, he told me that what i said was true. my own eyes moistened as he confessed what a fool he was. he concluded by promising me in a voice and with a pressure of the hand which meant truth, that he would never touch a drop of liquor[82] again. from the frank manner in which he meets my eyes when i now see him occasionally, i believe that he has thoroughly reformed. that night, as i went home, i knew that one prayer had not been in vain.”
for society as a whole, as for its individual members, his aim was a constant betterment.
“there are so few men who couple the capacity for appreciating the troubles of struggling humanity with an earnest desire to remove them, that i can see in such a life a tremendous power for good, and, after all, is not that the highest ideal a man can hold before him?”
in this sentence, penned in reference to another, he wrote of himself more truly than he knew. his journals are full of passages which disclose his “capacity to appreciate,” and his “earnest desire to remove,” the obstacles which thwart the upward and onward progress of men engaged in the competitive rivalries of the world, and in the struggle for daily bread. whether it was pursuing an uncongenial task in the[83] wilds of muskoka, or immersed in the cares and unrest of journalism, or busied in research for material from which to construct an article for the labour gazette, a human interest in the life and the lot of the mass of men was ever before him, and a purpose to understand and improve that lot his aim.
“during the course of my stay here,” he writes of muskoka, in the winter of 1895, “i have had some chance to notice the type of inhabitants of this inhospitable district. first and foremost come the lumbermen, not the miners who live in the town, but the stout fellows in smock and jersey, with their pants shoved into stockings, which are in turn encased in stout rubbers. overcoats are scarce, they don’t seem to be needed. altogether, though these fellows lead a hard life, and are often coarse and dissipated, they have opinions of their own, and must be reckoned with by the rulers of the country.
“next comes the muskoka farmer living in his shanty, for that is pretty much the rule, although there is, of course, an occasional farmhouse of more pretentious appearance, and drawing a bare livelihood by his constant toil with antiquated[84] implements; most of the hay (the chief product, since it requires little care,) being cut by the scythe on patches of land cleared by years of toil, and in most cases thickly strewn with rocks, the only satisfaction that they have in their poverty being that they are independent.
“it is difficult to conceive of culture and refinement under such circumstances. it may be well, however, to have one part of our population comparatively free from the two dangerous influences of our time, riches and luxury on the one hand, and, on the other, embittered and ignorant combinations actuated by selfish interests and swayed too largely by demagogues.
“my sojourn here, though not pleasant and not profitable from a business point of view, has opened an extensive field of thought. of my companions the most interesting was the lumberman whose wife was sick, and who as a result was leaving the woods. i was quite interested by his ideas of human life, although they were not given in a scientific way. he was evidently a man of energy; one who took life seriously and who had his share of troubles. it was pathetic to hear the way he spoke of how his wife’s family usually died at about twenty-four years of age, how his[85] wife was now at that age and was sick. in fact, there are worse places than the lumber woods for the study of man.”
in the spring of 1898 he was rejoiced at having the opportunity of conducting a more or less extended inquiry into the conditions of working men in the several trades.
“the mail,” he writes, “intends, during the coming summer, to publish a series of articles concerning the conditions, social, moral and economic, governing each of the various trades, the facts to be gathered by personal observation and enquiry from journeymen, apprentices, employers and employees. the work is to be a feature of each day’s paper, and, mirabile dictu, the entire charge of the matter, design and detail, has been handed over to me. i need not say that i am pleased. i have at once an opportunity of examining into the industrial and sociological conditions of the city and province, and possibly of doing good to my fellow men as the result of these observations. incidentally, also, i have an opportunity of strengthening myself in my own profession, although that is a thing that one can do in journalism no matter what line of work one[86] is pursuing. roughly described, the aim of the series of sketches is to indicate to the parent what qualifications are required for, and what returns are to be expected from, the several vocations, in order that he may the better decide what to do with his boy or girl. i appreciate the responsibility which the work places upon me, and pray that i may be able to meet it.”
the articles which were written by harper, then twenty-four years of age, and which appeared under the caption “what to do with your boy or girl,” were continued in the mail from day to day for several months, and attracted very considerable attention at the time. they disclose a remarkable ability to get at facts, and the strongest sympathy with the end in view, and constitute a not unimportant contribution to the scanty literature which has thus far appeared, having to do with industrial and labour conditions in the dominion.
the human interest which made even the dry language of statutes to glow with animation for him, is abundantly apparent from[87] the following passages in reference to some of his work in the department of labour:
“i spent most of the day in the library of parliament, reading up the provincial acts concerning mining. the thing which impressed me, as i read, was the uninviting nature of the task of the miner, cut off from the light of day, hewing away in the bowels of the earth, exposed to the danger of cave-ins, explosions, and a living entombment, as the result of carelessness on the part of his employers, or his associates, or the will of nature. how can such men, if they are crowded down almost to the margin of subsistence, develop a roseate view of life! ever facing almost terrorizing conditions, they must become brave, sturdy, self-reliant and earnest enough, but how can they fail to be out of sympathy with the shams, hypocrisies and dilettantisms of modern society!”
and again:
“at the office, i have been much interested in working upon the article on the fisheries of canada, inasmuch as it has shown to me a sturdy class of men toiling under conditions of hardship[88] and danger for what is comparatively a small return. doubtless the isolation of the fishing villages, the system of part proprietorship, and the passion for a sea-faring life, account for the relative immobility of the population.
“i am becoming more and more convinced daily of the fact that this country is going through a transition stage which must influence it to the bottom. the use of machinery, the weakening of the artisan by removing the rewards of skill, the work and wages of girls, the prevalence of piece work and its results, the effects of pauper and convict labour, and a thousand other problems are brought daily before my notice in terms of flesh and blood.
“it is important to know and understand all sorts and conditions of men if society as a whole is to be led towards what is better. certainly the ‘better class of people’ need leading as well as the others, for with them the opportunity offered by leisure is too often wasted in dilettantism and folly.”
to “society,” in the highly specialized meaning of that word, a reference may not be out of place. in its ambitions, its man[89]dates, harper saw but little which made for the development of true manhood or womanhood, while he saw much which aimed directly at the destruction of both. there was never any one who enjoyed more the pleasure of good company, whose temperament, frank, hearty and mirthful, and whose manner, courteous and sincere, made him a more welcome guest wherever he went. it was no affectation, therefore, which caused harper to feel as he did; it was his belief in the true purpose of life. what to some, and to himself, was a pastime, he saw, to others, was becoming an end; instead of developing, it was robbing, natures of their finer sensibilities. many of its conventions were wholly artificial, some of its relationships altogether false. the following short sentences are sufficient to reveal this view:
“social engagements may, i think, be a healthy relaxation, if kept in their place, and if one does not forget to keep hold of one’s self, and remembers the force of example. with many people here in ottawa, i fear the social round is becom[90]ing an end in itself, and therefore a danger to themselves and others.
“i am coming to the conclusion that if a man is to wield any influence worth while in this world, he has to cut this folly out of his life. the past fortnight has shown me how impossible it is for a man to do what the social world expects of him, and do justice to himself.”
commenting on a wedding notice which appeared in a local paper, he writes:
“so spoke the society editor this morning. the important thing, really, was the happy union for life of two loving hearts. apparently what the public is supposed to be interested in, is the gown of white something or other. it may be salutary, as a means of developing an ?sthetic taste generally, to have space in our public prints for such trifles. for my own part, i often think the world would be better and saner if the society editor had never been born.”
and of the “better part,” in a personal letter to a friend:
“if you will pardon me for making the remark, i was very pleased to see the lively interest your[91] sisters take in the great work of improving the condition of the masses. it is one which is bound to widen their sympathies, and remove any possibility of their becoming enthralled by the chains of hollow conventionality, which, more than anything else, prevents the development of true womanhood, under the conditions of our modern society.”
how, according to his view, true womanhood might be developed, may be gathered from a letter written by harper to one of his sisters a short time before his death. it is one of many home letters which might be quoted, but it may be taken by itself as characteristic. in speaking of his love for others, its reproduction here may not be out of place:
“ottawa, oct. 4th, 1901.
“my dear l——:
“i am not writing to give you news, for there is little to give. i have been having a quiet happy little evening all by myself, and i thought i could not do better than let you into the secret of my happiness. i think i have told you before that i am an admirer of the high-mindedness of matthew arnold, ‘the apostle of sweetness and[92] light.’ latterly, i have been taking a great deal of true pleasure from his poems, and one of the best of them, the buried life, i have just finished reading, not for the first time, for they stand many readings; and i am sure you would find it hopeful and inspiring. i wish you would read matthew arnold’s works, particularly some of the poems, such as rugby chapel, dover beach, self dependence and the buried life; the last, most of all. there is a good deal of the stoical greek about matthew arnold, but his is a beautiful, noble, pure mind whose example makes the pursuit of perfection meaningful, and beautiful to contemplate. there is much in his philosophy with which you doubtless will not agree, but there is a richness, beauty and purity, which you will find most inspiring.
“and this brings me still to another question. why should not you and e—— turn this winter to profit by spending a part of every day reading aloud to each other, choosing, preferably, such works as the idylls of the king, matthew arnold’s poems, or other writings of the great masters in literature which take one away from the sordidness of life, and tend to develop the best that is in one. this, with an adulteration of fic[93]tion, would make the winter very profitable as well as very enjoyable to you both. when e—— can find time, he could read with you, and direct your reading course. my dear l——, i am becoming more and more convinced every day that the most important duty we have is the moulding of our character; for it is in the strength and richness of our character that we obtain the title to self-respect, and are able to influence others. it is by bringing ourselves into closer contact with the highest thought that we are going to be enabled to obtain high-mindedness and purity ourselves. there is a world of truth in the statement, ‘blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see god,’ and these things of which i speak are some of the ways of attaining that purity of heart which makes life richer, deeper and happier.
“longfellow, in his prose romance, hyperion, has something of what i have in mind, when he says:
“‘it is the part of an indiscreet and troublesome ambition to care too much about fame, about what the world says of us; to be always looking into the faces of others for approval; to be always anxious for the effect of what we do[94] and say; to be always shouting to hear the echo of our own voices. if you look about you, you will see men who are wearing life away in feverish anxiety of fame, and the last we shall ever hear of them will be the funeral bell which tolls them to their early graves! unhappy men and unsuccessful! because their purpose is, not to accomplish well their task, but to clutch the “fantasy and trick of fame”; and they go to their graves with purposes unaccomplished, and wishes unfulfilled. better for them, and for the world in their example, had they known how to wait! believe me, the talent of success is nothing more than doing what you can do well; and doing well whatever you do,—without a thought of fame. if it comes at all, it will come because it is deserved, not because it is sought after. and, moreover, there will be no misgivings, no disappointment, no hasty, feverish, exhausting excitement.’
“this is rather a heavy quotation for a letter, but i wished you to catch the thought, you will find it in the chapter in hyperion on literary fame. you will see the truth of it, if you allow your mind to dwell upon it for a moment. longfellow has no thought of discouraging ambition.[95] far from it. he simply wants to emphasize the folly of hoping for fame which is undeserved, and, as he points out, the way to deserve it is by doing well what is to be done. but as you are not fame hunting, it is not the fame part of it that i wish to dwell upon here, so much as the parallel thought, that it is the inner life, the inner strength which comes from resolute effort and familiarity with the best thought, which tells, and which makes for true happiness.
“i have often told you that your worst danger is your tendency to worry, a tendency which is based, i know, upon the depth of the interest which you take in those who are dear to you. what you must do is to prevent that tendency from casting a shadow over your life. i have a picture of you—a copy which w—— enlarged from the little sunbeam of you, with a big white hat, you remember,—in a gold frame over my desk. it is much admired, and i am proud to introduce it as my sister. as i look at it, i can see my dear little sister, bright, happy and devoted, and now i don’t want to think of her with any unnecessary cares. now do be good, and you and e—— try and make the winter profitable to both of you. take walks, get exercise in the[96] open air, be cheerful, read, and generally try and make life happier by the means which you have at hand. i am neither scolding nor lecturing, and i have said nothing which you do not already know, but somehow to-night, you have been running in my mind, and i wanted to tell you what i thought and wished, so that, in due course of time, you will look back to the winter of 1901 as one of the happiest chapters in your life. i am sorry that, when we were in barrie, the shadow of memories and the pressure of many things must have made me seem selfish and not kind enough to my sisters, but i need not tell you, l——, that your happiness is dear to me.
“and now i must close. so good-night, my dear little sister.
“with much love,
“ever your affectionate brother,
“bert.”
just how characteristic this letter is of the interest taken by harper in the welfare and happiness of those to whom he was united by the closest of ties, will be apparent from another letter, written many months previous, to a brother in new york, after return[97]ing from a short visit to that city. it reveals the same earnest endeavour of a life to impart its own secret to the lives of others, and to establish a standard of happiness which could bring no deceptions. its practical common sense will make it no less commendable as an evidence of the truest affection.
he writes:
“ottawa, dec. 30, 1900.
“my dear will:
“since returning to ottawa there has been little happening that would be of interest to you. i have been busy enough, and have managed to control a tendency, fostered by the invitations of a number of kind people here, and my own disposition, to be drawn into the social whirl. it is weak, and life is earnest, so i have decided to do with as little of it as possible. no man who desires to make progress in this world, can hope to do so if he squanders his evenings. there are two ways in which a man may equip himself so that he may be in the van of progress:—first, by strengthening his own mind through a study of what is and has been in the minds of great men of thought,—this, one can do from books;—sec[98]ondly, by pursuing positive original work along the special line to which he has devoted himself. these things i am attempting to do. the difficulty lies in selection. what we have to do is to get away from the semblances, and get at the realities of life.
“of carlyle’s hero worship, i have already spoken to you. it is healthy and sturdy. i am now reading carlyle’s past and present, and do not know anything in literature more wholesome or worth reading. do not neglect to read it. men of the stamp of carlyle, emerson and matthew arnold go to the root of questions, and their books will do you one hundred times as much good as all the novels which are going the rounds. every man owes it to himself to supply his mind with the best material available, and, although carlyle may seem a little heavy in parts, where one may not have become familiar with the subject matter he refers to, you will find the influence of his sturdy personality upon your own views of life.
“with regard to the second point,—work along one’s own special line,—i am plodding along at work in the field of economics, and hope to be able to get out a book in the more or less near future. you know best what will be profitable[99] for you. what i would suggest is, that you lose no opportunity of familiarizing yourself with the best writings on architecture; that you devote time and thought to studying architectural models of buildings as they are, and otherwise; and, that you take every opportunity to attend lectures or discussions where architectural subjects are being considered. in this way you will find your interest in your work, and in life generally, as well as your usefulness to your employers, increasing at a surprising rate. i know how hard it is for a man living in a great, interesting place like new york, to do deliberate, consecutive work, and to keep control of himself and his time, but he must do this, if he is going to get along. life is real and earnest, and a man who is going to hold up his end in dull times, and in the autumn of life, must take every opportunity to equip himself, and to save his dollars. a man need not be mean, he can go to things worth going to, he can dress decently, and hold up his end generally; but there are lots of things upon which money is often spent, which are absolute folly. money is hard to make, and a man cannot justify himself in throwing it away.
“i hope you will pardon all this which may[100] appear like a lecture. it is not, i can assure you, dear old will. it is simply a few conclusions which i have come to, and which i believe to be absolutely true. if they are, why should we not follow them? i want us both to live fruitful and useful lives, and it is by such conscious, deliberate work as i have referred to, that we both can do it. let us cut asunder what of empty, unprofitable conviviality, and the like, may have grown into our lives, and let us live so that when we are old men,—if we are spared,—we may look back upon our lives without regret, and feel that we have been worthy of the best that is in us, and of the trust which our dear parents placed in us.
“my visit to new york was thoroughly profitable; it has given me much food for thought, and has enabled me to see some things more clearly than ever before. i cannot tell you of all the impressions new york brought, and has left upon me. i have never quite managed to shake off the attitude of mind of a student, and i find myself constantly weaving my experiences in new york into my philosophy of life. the two events which seem to stand out most clearly are the visit to the art museum, and the concert at the metro[101]politan. that was a glorious day, for it showed how men in the rush and flurry of business life have at hand the means of soul purifying and refreshment in art and music, two great agencies which bring men’s minds back from semblances to truth. will you ever forget the music we heard? the singing of rossini’s stabat mater was to me like wandering through a sea of dreams, beautiful yet sad. greatest of all, i thought, was nordica’s inflammatus, a soul-stirring song, splendidly set off by the orchestra and chorus, and which stirred the vast audience to its depths. it was the great victory of the evening. how strong must be the satisfaction of the possession of so magnificent a voice, both in the capacity to interpret such beautiful music, and in the ability to thrill and purge the human soul. for is it not the case that great music ever does this? i know little of the technique of music, but for years i have felt its influence upon me for good.
“every hour of my visit was profitable, and i need not say that it would have been a blind, stupid ramble without your assistance. i know what it meant in sacrifice of time and hard-earned money to you. i would have liked to have controlled your generosity. however, i know the[102] spirit which moved you, and i am deeply grateful to you.
“and now, my dear brother will, i trust that this new year which ushers in a new century, will bring to you true happiness, and the accomplishment of your most worthy ambitions.
“your affectionate brother,
“bert.”
it is not surprising to find in a remote corner of the diary of a man whose feelings were so genuine, and sympathies so sincere, such mention as the following, of an evening spent with “the woodcutters,” a society he had helped to organize the year after he left the university, and the purposes of which will be sufficiently clear from the reference:
“we went to old thomas mahoney’s where we worked hard from about 8:30 to 11:00 p. m., sawing and splitting wood. the family consisted of mrs. mahoney, an old woman of about sixty or sixty-five, and her daughter. the daughter, who is half-witted, goes out washing and scrubbing, while the old lady has to saw and split all the wood necessary to keep their hovel warm, it being situated in an exposed place[103] on the edge of the common. the interior does not betoken wealth, but the old woman and her daughter seem to be not unhappy, this probably because of their having come from the emerald isle. i shall try and follow up the acquaintance with a view to discovering to what causes their poverty is due. this institution is a good one, for besides the hard work, it affords undoubtedly a good way of helping the deserving poor, and gives one a splendid chance for economic study.”
nor is the following entry less surprising, written, as it was, in part justification of himself, lest he should have erred in having aided financially, and in other ways, a deaf-mute boy who came to him for assistance, but into whose circumstances he had not, at the time, had opportunity of making a personal inquiry. a file of correspondence with the charity organizations officer, and the superintendent of the institute for the deaf and dumb, reveals the care with which he subsequently satisfied his conscience in this particular case of one who belonged to “the dependent and neglected poor.”
[104]
“whatever may be held regarding the unwisdom of a paternal system with regard to society generally,—and while my own best judgment inclines me to be individualistic,—i have a strong sympathy with those who are robbed of the use of their senses, to whom so much of the beauty of god’s world is as a sealed book. i felt this strongly as i dictated the letters which he could not hear. the bright intelligence on his face as he learned my intention, and indicated his approval of some of my suggestions, was beautiful to see. i trust that he will not prove a disappointment, and that i shall not be deceived.”
harper had the faith which led him at times to cast his bread upon the waters. had he been asked why he did so, he would have replied, because he loved to. if questioned further, he would, with tennyson, have said:
“that nothing walks with aimless feet; that not one life shall be destroy’d, or cast as rubbish to the void, when god hath made the pile complete.”
