in books, as in nature, harper found companionship and instruction, and the selection was as carefully made, and the appreciation of the beautiful and true as keen and delicate, in the one case as in the other. it was a distinguishing mark of his reading that he chose, for the most part, only such works as were likely to be productive of intellectual or moral growth; he read little, however, for the sake of mere entertainment, and he was less inclined to seek recreation with a book than in other ways.
at the university his reading was, for the most part, of the books prescribed by the college curriculum, with supplementary reading along the lines it suggested, and some slight addition of current fiction and standard works in poetry and prose. for a time, after entering upon journalism, he gave himself up so entirely to its demands that he may be[66] said to have dropped books altogether, and to have substituted for their reading a careful perusal of the daily press, and an occasional survey of current magazines and other periodicals. the habit thus formed remained constantly with him, and made him a careful observer of events, and well informed on the main issues and questions of the day. though he had the mind of a student and a scholar, his habits, as has already been hinted, were not of the kind which students are popularly supposed to have. his temperament was versatile, his nature active, he was impatient of too detailed or continuous research, and was more interested in living men and current affairs than in documentary records of any kind. yet he was by no means blind to the fact, which unfortunately many public men are, that to be of real service to any cause, a man’s intellectual as well as his physical powers must be stimulated and strengthened by sustenance of the proper sort, and that, except through inborn genius of the rarest kind, a man cannot be saved[67] from intellectual sterility, unless, to more than a limited degree, he familiarizes himself with the best thought of the strongest minds.
the books with which harper sought to become most familiar were the works of writers whose intellectual preeminence was undoubted, and whose main concern, though they viewed it from many and frequently different standpoints, was the problem of existence, the meaning and the duties of life. of this class, carlyle, matthew arnold, emerson, tennyson, and, among present day writers, hamilton wright mabie, were the ones to whose works his spare hours were chiefly devoted during his last years. it would be difficult to know from which of these authors he gained the most; that he was strongly influenced by all is beyond question, though this influence was one rather of clearer definition and understanding of his own beliefs and convictions, than of conversion to other and different views. of what, as a teacher, literature contributed, something may be gleaned from the pages containing his views on pres[68]ent day problems and matters of religion. in the present chapter it is of the companionable enjoyment derived from this source, consciously sought and cultivated as a means to the enrichment of life, that it is desired to give a sympathetic appreciation.
the winter of 1900-01 was made exceptionally profitable through the opportunities of reading which many of its evenings and sundays afforded. harper and his friend had lodgings in common, and his diary is full of mention of the evenings they spent together in company with books, from which each in turn read aloud to the other, and which were laid aside only that a deeper searching of the heart might follow, accompanied by pledges of mutual loyalty and resolve, long after the embers had burned out upon the hearth, and all things were in the sacred keeping of the night. did not the personal references which these accounts contain preclude their publication, opportunity might be given of looking in upon the best that this world has to offer, the soul com[69]munion of friend with friend. one or two passages relating to evenings not dissimilar, though spent with less intimate friends, will suggest, to those who read them, with what profit an evening might have been shared with him by those who knew and appreciated his genuine self aright, and what measure of inspiration in turn was accorded to him by the conversation and views of others, and by the writings of master minds.
of the chance happening in of a friend, he writes:
“i had finished reading matthew arnold’s criticism of gray when l—— came in and spent the evening with me. i read gray’s elegy, the bard and some other extracts, in order to make good matthew arnold’s judgment. then we talked of men of genius and their lives, and l—— spoke of their unhappiness and want of appreciation. i took the ground that this unhappiness was often more apparent than real; that the greatest happiness in sensation was that of the soul satisfaction which must come with the beautiful expression of a great truth; that no great work came by chance, but rather that the thought[70] was first real and vital to the artist; that however much, humanly, he might feel the want of appreciation and physical satisfaction, his pleasure must be ecstatic at finding an expression for his best self, his inner life.
“‘these demand not that the things without them yield them love, amusement, sympathy.’
“just as theirs is the great happiness, so theirs is the great sorrow, for sorrow to be expressed in such form must first be appreciated, felt.
“from this we drifted to kipling and imperialism, my contribution being that kipling was a great imperialist, that of those who were urging forward the british empire, he was one of the most enlightened, one of the most clear seeing; that his anxiety for the empire’s future was as much cosmopolitan as british, having faith in the anglo-saxon ideal. in support of this latter contention i cited the white man’s burden, which i think was primarily designed for the american people.
“then to the woes of ireland and her future. i expressed disgust with the methods of such men as ——, who are trying to fan the flame of hatred to england, a flame justly enough started by the long years of oppression, but which must[71] be smothered if ireland is to progress, for i can see only one way for her healthy development,—as part of the british empire, the great civilizing and evangelizing power of the world.
“i read some of moore’s poems to illustrate my views of the beauty and richness of the irish nature, and its possibilities when fairly treated. we closed our evening by reading a passage from great books as life teachers, in the chapter on ruskin’s seven lamps of architecture, to show that true liberty consists in obedience to law—true law. ‘nature loves paradoxes, and this is her chiefest paradox—he who stoops to wear the yoke of law becomes the child of liberty, while he who will be free from god’s law, wears a ball and chain through all his years. philosophy reaches its highest fruition in christ’s principle, “love is the fulfillment of the law.”’”
of an evening spent with friends, he says:
“to-night we spent a pleasant evening, enjoying music and reading. mrs. j——, whose whole life seems to be poetry and music combined, rendered several brilliant selections on the piano, conveying to me a conception of beautiful thoughts playing about the crests of moonlit[72] waves, after which r—— and i read several of matthew arnold’s poems. i have grown to like matthew arnold more and more. his philosophy, the pursuit of perfection, of sweetness and light, and the sweeping away of viciousness, has always influenced me strongly since i first read culture and anarchy some years ago. but i find in him more and more the noble high minded man as i proceed. i read the buried life and rugby chapel among other things. the latter has always been a favourite of mine, pointing, as it does, a noble useful view of human duty, as in the lines—
“‘but thou would’st not alone be saved, my father! alone conquer and come to thy goal, leaving the rest in the wild.’
“the buried life seems to me one of the most beautiful, hopeful and inspiring poems i have ever read—the thought that man’s life and development goes on, and that his real life is realized despite the spoiling of himself which he does continuously in the meaningless follies of his daily round.
“‘fate . . . bade through the deep recesses of our breast the unregarded river of our life pursue with indiscernible flow its way;
[73]
and that we should not see the buried stream, and seem to be eddying at large in blind uncertainty, though driving on with it eternally.’
“and then how—
“‘. . . often, in the world’s most crowded streets, but often, in the din of strife, there rises an unspeakable desire after the knowledge of our buried life.’
“the room where we sat before a grate fire seemed filled with the thought of the noble man who penned the poem, and the evening was a most enjoyable one.”
harper’s was a nature quick to respond to the beautiful and true wherever found, whether in prose or verse, in music or painting, or in the actions of daily life. he was, moreover, intensely sympathetic, and what he read or saw always impressed, and sometimes affected, him deeply. he would often rise from the reading of a beautiful poem, or the story of some heroic human effort, with eyes filled and voice completely overcome, and then, as a means of gaining relief, and at the same time of giving expression to his feelings, would pen in a single sentence or[74] two the thought that was most in his mind at the time.
such little entries as the following are a characteristic feature of his diary, and reveal his sympathetic appreciation of what he read, and of the subject treated:
“to-night i read the sad story of keats’ life. how sad it is to see so promising a man pass so soon! how admirably he declared a great truth when he said,
“‘“beauty is truth, truth beauty,”—that is all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.’”
“to-night i read over again lanier’s a ballad of trees and the master, which, i think, most beautiful. the poem appealed to me strongly as illustrating the subduing calm of the woods. before going to bed i read ward’s biography of lanier, a story of the heroic struggle of a soul steeped in music and high purpose.”
“in the afternoon i read matthew arnold’s essay on shelley, whose life was a strange mixture of genius and weakness. but for his poetry his weakness would have made him detestable. but for his weakness his poetical genius might have made him one of the most beautiful of all our authors. as he is, he is one of those strange[75] paradoxes who give rise to speculation as to the necessary qualities of genius. much can be forgiven in one who has created the ode, to a skylark and the sensitive plant.”
“matthew arnold seems to me above all a critic, clear, impartial, appreciative, kindly, bravely severe, when this is necessary to do justice. in what he says in these essays on criticism, one feels how sad it is that noble work is marred by a something wanting; half results because of the want of something,—‘many are called, few chosen.’”
“next, of the features of the fortnight, was the completion of the idylls of the king, from which i have drawn much healthy inspiration. we read pelleas and ettarre, the last tournament, guinevere and the passing of arthur. at the close i was struck by the wonderful way in which the truth of the words,—
“‘it is the little rift within the lute, that by and by will make the music mute, and ever widening slowly silence all,’—
was unfolded. even that beautifully conceived court, with its noble king, its high ideals and its battle-tried knights, went to utter ruin through the example of one sin. another thing which[76] struck me was that tennyson, like others, shows that the deadliest enemy is the judas. the most cherished knight and beloved queen poisoned the court by betraying friend and husband. but tennyson holds out the beautiful hope of the thief upon the cross. lancelot was allowed to die a holy man; and guinevere, by true repentance and goodly works, was able to purge her soul so as to be prepared for the reunion hereafter. the gentle teaching of the poem is that we must be swayed by high resolves and noble motives.
“‘we needs must love the highest when we see it, not lancelot, nor another.’
“my admiration for the poem increased towards the close. the delicate portrayal of character, and of utter pain and remorse in guinevere, and the beautiful imagery of the passing of arthur are sublime—
“‘from the great deep to the great deep he goes.’”
“to-day r—— and i read several chapters of past and present. grand, bluff, sturdy old carlyle is becoming a reality to me. in his chapters leading up to the selection of samson as abbot of st. edmundsbury, he throws much light upon a really important view of public policy, how necessary it is to select the best as governor,[77] and how that best is to be recognized and selected. carlyle i find to be healthy, wholesome and full of moral fibre.”
“even to the outcry against the fleeting nature of our impressions of beauty, and, for a time, satisfying, comes an answer in the story of shelley’s sensitive plant. the author concludes the beautiful yet sad story by saying:
“‘i dare not guess; but in this life of error, ignorance, and strife, where nothing is, but all things seem, and we the shadows of the dream,
“‘it is a modest creed, and yet pleasant if one considers it, to own that death itself must be, like all the rest, a mockery.
“‘that garden sweet, that lady fair, and all sweet shapes and odours there, in truth have never past away: ’tis we, ’tis ours, are changed; not they.
“‘for love, and beauty, and delight, there is no death nor change: their might exceeds our organs, which endure no light, being themselves obscure.’
“if this be so, can we not increase and make more lasting our knowledge of these things by mastering ourselves and giving scope to the spiritual side of us?”
